Download pdf
Study on Differences in Forage Protein Utilization and Optimization Paths for Ruminants and Non-Ruminants
- 1 Shanghai Jianping High School, Shanghai, 200093, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Nutritional intake affects animal growth, and foraging is one of the ways in which animals take in nutrients. A good understanding of the digestive mechanisms of animals can improve the nutritional composition of feeds for the target group being fed. This paper compares and contrasts the digestive mechanisms of ruminants and non-ruminants, with an in-depth discussion of specific structures and functions as well as optimized pathways for different animal forage digestion pathways. Findings suggest that ruminants rely on their unique four-chambered stomach, while non-ruminants rely on enzymes in the small intestine. Forage nutrient composition has been improved in various ways by researchers focusing on different parts of the digestive mechanism pathway, such as absorption in the small intestine and microorganisms in the rumen, which can be seen in the differences in the digestive system and the digestive pathway. In addition, this paper discusses substances that favor animal growth, and will provide new perspectives on feeding techniques that will improve the nutritional balance and growth of animals.
Keywords
Ruminant, non-ruminant, forage, digestion
[1]. Scheurwater, J., Hostens, M., Nielen, M. et.al. (2021). Pressure measurement in the reticulum to detect different behaviors of healthy cows. PloS one, 16(7), e0254410.
[2]. Zhu, Y., Sun, G., Dunzhu, L. et.al. (2023). Effects of Different Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Plasma Metabolomics Profile of Growing Yak in the Cold Season. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 13(3), 367.
[3]. Stødkilde, L., Damborg, V. K., Jørgensen, H. et.al. (2019). Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals. Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience, 13(9), 1817–1825.
[4]. Zeng, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, H. et.al. (2020). Correction to: Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 11, 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00467-w
[5]. Hristov, A. N., Bannink, A., Crompton, L. A. et.al. (2019). Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. Journal of dairy science, 102(7), 5811–5852. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15829
[6]. Ehrlich, C., Codron, D., Hofmann, R. R. et.al. (2019). Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations. Journal of morphology, 280(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20942
[7]. Palmioli, E., Dall'Aglio, C., Fagotti, A. et.al. (2023). Leptin system is not affected by different diets in the abomasum of the sheep reared in semi-natural pastures of the Central Apennines. Annals of anatomy=Anatomischer Anzeiger: official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 247, 152069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152069
[8]. Penner, G. B. (2014, February). Mechanisms of volatile fatty acid absorption and metabolism and maintenance of a stable rumen environment. In 25th Florida ruminant nutrition symposium (Vol. 4, pp. 92-104).
[9]. Dora Zurak, Kristina Kljak, Jasna Aladrović (2023). Metabolism and utilisation of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants: a review. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2023, 24(1), p.1-14 DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/24.1.3645
[10]. Delbaere, K., Roegiers, I., Bron, A. et.al. (2023). The small intestine: dining table of host-microbiota meetings. FEMS microbiology reviews, 47(3), fuad022. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuad022
[11]. J.N. Wilms, V. van der Nat, M.H. Ghaffari, et.al.(2024)Fat composition of milk replacer influences growth performance, feeding behavior, and plasma fatty acid profile in ad libitum–fed calves, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 107, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 2797-2817, ISSN 0022-0302,
[12]. Xiao, J., Alugongo, G. M., Li, J. et.al.(2020). Review: How Forage Feeding Early in Life Influences the Growth Rate, Ruminal Environment, and the Establishment of Feeding Behavior in Pre-Weaned Calves. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 10(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020188
[13]. N.B.Pedersen, M. Hanigan, F. Zaefarian, et.al. (2021). The influence of feed ingredients on CP and starch disappearance rate in complex diets for broiler chickens, Poultry Science, Volume 100, Issue 5, 2021, 101068, ISSN 0032-5791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101068.
[14]. Lee, S. B., Lee, K. W., Wang, T., et.al. (2020). Administration of encapsulated L-tryptophan improves duodenal starch digestion and increases gastrointestinal hormones secretions in beef cattle. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 33(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0498
[15]. Harmon, D. L., & Swanson, K. C. (2020). Review: Nutritional regulation of intestinal starch and protein assimilation in ruminants. Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience, 14(S1), s17–s28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119003136
[16]. Izuddin, W. I., Loh, T. C., Samsudin, A. A. et.al. (2019). Effects of postbiotic supplementation on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial profile, blood metabolite and GHR, IGF-1 and MCT-1 gene expression in post-weaning lambs. BMC veterinary research, 15(1), 315.
[17]. Manoukian, M., DelCurto, T., Kluth, J. et.al. (2021). Impacts of Rumen Degradable or Undegradable Protein Supplementation with or without Salt on Nutrient Digestion, and VFA Concentrations. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 11(11), 3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113011
Cite this article
Zhou,M. (2025). Study on Differences in Forage Protein Utilization and Optimization Paths for Ruminants and Non-Ruminants. Theoretical and Natural Science,93,57-62.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Geoscience and Earth Ecology
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).