References
[1]. Sukanya, R. and Tantia, V. (2023). Urbanization and the Impact on Economic Development. [online] www.igi-global.com. Available at: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/urbanization-and-the-impact-on-economic-development/327396.
[2]. Zeng, C., Deng, X., Dong, J. and Hu, P. (2016). Urbanization and Sustainability: Comparison of the Processes in ‘BIC’ Countries. Sustainability, 8(4), p.400. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040400.
[3]. Cui, L., Weng, S., Nadeem, A.M., Rafique, M.Z. and Shahzad, U. (2022). Exploring the role of renewable energy, urbanization and structural change for environmental sustainability: Comparative analysis for practical implications. Renewable Energy, [online] 184, pp.215–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.075.
[4]. Garschagen, M., & Romero-Lankao, P. (2013). Exploring the relationships between urbanization trends and climate change vulnerability. Climatic Change, 133(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0812-6
[5]. Chapman, S., Watson, J. E. M., Salazar, A., Thatcher, M., & McAlpine, C. A. (2017). The impact of urbanization and climate change on urban temperatures: a systematic review. Landscape Ecology, 32(10), 1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0561-4
[6]. Oke, T.R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, [online] 108(455), pp.1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502.
[7]. Argüeso, D., Evans, J.P., Fita, L. and Bormann, K.J. (2013). Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change. Climate Dynamics, 42(7-8), pp.2183–2199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6.
[8]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. [online] IPCC. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.
[9]. Grimm, N.B., Foster, D., Groffman, P., Grove, J.M., Hopkinson, C.S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Pataki, D.E. and Peters, D.P. (2008). The changing landscape: ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(5), pp.264–272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1890/070147.
[10]. Gurjar, B.R., Butler, T.M., Lawrence, M.G. and Lelieveld, J. (2008). Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmospheric Environment, 42(7), pp.1593–1606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048.
[11]. A. Nakhjiri and A.A. Kakroodi (2024). Air pollution in industrial clusters: A comprehensive analysis and prediction using multi-source data. Ecological informatics, 80, pp.102504–102504. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102504.
[12]. Alloway, B.J. (2012). Sources of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils. Environmental Pollution, [online] 22, pp.11–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7_2.
[13]. Saxena, V. (2025). Water Quality, Air Pollution, and Climate Change: Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Industrialization and Urbanization. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 236(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07702-4.
[14]. Gaston, K.J. and Spicer, J.I. (2012). Biodiversity : an introduction. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
[15]. McKINNEY, M.L. (2002). Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation. BioScience, [online] 52(10), pp.883–890. doi:https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:ubac]2.0.co;2.
[16]. Ruas, R. de B., Costa, L.M.S. and Bered, F. (2022). Urbanization driving changes in plant species and communities – A global view. Global Ecology and Conservation, [online] 38, p.e02243. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02243.
[17]. Dincer, I. and Acar, C. (2015). A review on clean energy solutions for better sustainability. International Journal of Energy Research, 39(5), pp.585–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3329.
[18]. Maka, A.O.M. and Alabid, J.M. (2022). Solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development. [online] Oup.com. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ce/article/6/3/476/6606003.
[19]. Spittler, N., Davidsdottir, B., Shafiei, E., Leaver, J., Asgeirsson, E.I. and Stefansson, H. (2020). The role of geothermal resources in sustainable power system planning in Iceland. Renewable Energy, 153, pp.1081–1090. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.046.
[20]. Feng, X., Wang, S., Wu, N., Li, Y. and Yang, J. (2024). Urban low-carbon governance zoning coupled with urban attributes and spatial networks: Theoretical framework and practical path. Journal of Environmental Management, [online] 373, p.123865. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123865.
Cite this article
Zhang,L. (2025). Characteristics of Environmental Change and Sustainable Development Ways in the Urbanization Process. Theoretical and Natural Science,118,10-15.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. Sukanya, R. and Tantia, V. (2023). Urbanization and the Impact on Economic Development. [online] www.igi-global.com. Available at: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/urbanization-and-the-impact-on-economic-development/327396.
[2]. Zeng, C., Deng, X., Dong, J. and Hu, P. (2016). Urbanization and Sustainability: Comparison of the Processes in ‘BIC’ Countries. Sustainability, 8(4), p.400. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040400.
[3]. Cui, L., Weng, S., Nadeem, A.M., Rafique, M.Z. and Shahzad, U. (2022). Exploring the role of renewable energy, urbanization and structural change for environmental sustainability: Comparative analysis for practical implications. Renewable Energy, [online] 184, pp.215–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.075.
[4]. Garschagen, M., & Romero-Lankao, P. (2013). Exploring the relationships between urbanization trends and climate change vulnerability. Climatic Change, 133(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0812-6
[5]. Chapman, S., Watson, J. E. M., Salazar, A., Thatcher, M., & McAlpine, C. A. (2017). The impact of urbanization and climate change on urban temperatures: a systematic review. Landscape Ecology, 32(10), 1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0561-4
[6]. Oke, T.R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, [online] 108(455), pp.1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502.
[7]. Argüeso, D., Evans, J.P., Fita, L. and Bormann, K.J. (2013). Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change. Climate Dynamics, 42(7-8), pp.2183–2199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6.
[8]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. [online] IPCC. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.
[9]. Grimm, N.B., Foster, D., Groffman, P., Grove, J.M., Hopkinson, C.S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Pataki, D.E. and Peters, D.P. (2008). The changing landscape: ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(5), pp.264–272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1890/070147.
[10]. Gurjar, B.R., Butler, T.M., Lawrence, M.G. and Lelieveld, J. (2008). Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmospheric Environment, 42(7), pp.1593–1606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048.
[11]. A. Nakhjiri and A.A. Kakroodi (2024). Air pollution in industrial clusters: A comprehensive analysis and prediction using multi-source data. Ecological informatics, 80, pp.102504–102504. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102504.
[12]. Alloway, B.J. (2012). Sources of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils. Environmental Pollution, [online] 22, pp.11–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7_2.
[13]. Saxena, V. (2025). Water Quality, Air Pollution, and Climate Change: Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Industrialization and Urbanization. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 236(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07702-4.
[14]. Gaston, K.J. and Spicer, J.I. (2012). Biodiversity : an introduction. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
[15]. McKINNEY, M.L. (2002). Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation. BioScience, [online] 52(10), pp.883–890. doi:https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:ubac]2.0.co;2.
[16]. Ruas, R. de B., Costa, L.M.S. and Bered, F. (2022). Urbanization driving changes in plant species and communities – A global view. Global Ecology and Conservation, [online] 38, p.e02243. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02243.
[17]. Dincer, I. and Acar, C. (2015). A review on clean energy solutions for better sustainability. International Journal of Energy Research, 39(5), pp.585–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3329.
[18]. Maka, A.O.M. and Alabid, J.M. (2022). Solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development. [online] Oup.com. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ce/article/6/3/476/6606003.
[19]. Spittler, N., Davidsdottir, B., Shafiei, E., Leaver, J., Asgeirsson, E.I. and Stefansson, H. (2020). The role of geothermal resources in sustainable power system planning in Iceland. Renewable Energy, 153, pp.1081–1090. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.046.
[20]. Feng, X., Wang, S., Wu, N., Li, Y. and Yang, J. (2024). Urban low-carbon governance zoning coupled with urban attributes and spatial networks: Theoretical framework and practical path. Journal of Environmental Management, [online] 373, p.123865. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123865.