Stellar-mass black hole spinning and its relation to transient jets

Research Article
Open access

Stellar-mass black hole spinning and its relation to transient jets

Youxi Zhang 1*
  • 1 Imperial College London    
  • *corresponding author youxizhang95@163.com
TNS Vol.5
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-53-9
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-54-6

Abstract

Despite the vast research on spinning black holes and jets, little is known about details of jet formation. This paper is aimed to study whether Penrose’s prediction that black hole spin power jets can be verified. Once proved, a deeper understanding of energy/momentum transfer near event horizon is to be achieved. This paper compares two dominant spin measuring methods. Thermal continuum fitting method makes use of thermal emission to measure the spin, where a theoretical flux profile is created by inputting parameters (inclination of X-ray binaries, distance of X-ray binaries from the earth, mass of black hole, etc). X-ray reflection method uses broadened Fe-line to measure the spin, and that corona geometry is often required. This paper also compares various definitions of jet power and spin-jets relation. In conclusion, transient jets are highly possible to be powered by black hole spin, but more evidence is required to confirm this. Steady jets remain in a vague relation with spin. It has also been found that different measuring methods of both spin and jets can affect the spin-jets relation.

Keywords:

Transient jet, black hole spin, x-ray binaries, jet power

Zhang,Y. (2023). Stellar-mass black hole spinning and its relation to transient jets. Theoretical and Natural Science,5,418-422.
Export citation

References

[1]. Reynolds, C. S. (2019). Observing black holes spin. Nature Astronomy, 3(1), 41-47.

[2]. Reynolds, C. S. (2013). Measuring black hole spin using X-ray reflection spectroscopy. In The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes (pp. 277-294). Springer, New York, NY.

[3]. Penrose, R., & Floyd, R. M. (1971). Extraction of rotational energy from a black hole. Nature Physical Science,229(6), 177-179.

[4]. Blandford, R. D., & Znajek, R. L. (1977). Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 179(3), 433-456.

[5]. Wang, D. X., Ye, Y. C., Li, Y., & Ge, Z. J. (2008). The BZ–MC–BP model for jet production from a black hole accretion disc. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 385(2), 841-848.

[6]. Pei, G., Nampalliwar, S., Bambi, C., & Middleton, M. J. (2016). Blandford–Znajek mechanism in black holes in alternative theories of gravity. The European Physical Journal C, 76(10), 1-12.

[7]. Blandford, R. D., & Payne, D. G. (1982). Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 199(4), 883-903.

[8]. Fender, R., & Belloni, T. (2012). Stellar-mass black holes and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Science, 337(6094), 540-544.

[9]. McClintock, J. E., Narayan, R., & Steiner, J. F. (2013). Black hole spin via continuum fitting and the role of spin in powering transient jets. In The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes (pp. 295-322). Springer, New York, NY

[10]. Fender, R. P., Gallo, E., & Russell, D. (2010). No evidence for black hole spin powering of jets in X-ray binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 406(3), 1425-1434.

[11]. Narayan, R., & McClintock, J. E. (2012). Observational evidence for a correlation between jet power and black hole spin. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 419(1), L69-L73. (NM 2012)

[12]. Steiner, J. F., McClintock, J. E., & Narayan, R. (2012). Jet power and black hole spin: testing an empirical relationship and using it to predict the spins of six black holes. The Astrophysical Journal, 762(2), 104. (SMN 2013)

[13]. Chen, Z., Gou, L., McClintock, J. E., Steiner, J. F., Wu, J., Xu, W., & Xiang, Y. (2016). The spin of the black hole in the X-ray binary Nova Muscae 1991. The Astrophysical Journal, 825(1), 45.

[14]. Russell, D. M., Gallo, E., & Fender, R. P. (2013). Observational constraints on the powering mechanism of transient relativistic jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 431(1), 405-414. (RGF 2013)

Cite this article

Zhang,Y. (2023). Stellar-mass black hole spinning and its relation to transient jets. Theoretical and Natural Science,5,418-422.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Innovation and Applied Physics (CONF-CIAP 2023)

ISBN：978-1-915371-53-9(Print) / 978-1-915371-54-6(Online)
Editor：Marwan Omar, Roman Bauer
Conference website: https://www.confciap.org/
Conference date: 25 March 2023
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.5
ISSN：2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).

References

[1]. Reynolds, C. S. (2019). Observing black holes spin. Nature Astronomy, 3(1), 41-47.

[2]. Reynolds, C. S. (2013). Measuring black hole spin using X-ray reflection spectroscopy. In The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes (pp. 277-294). Springer, New York, NY.

[3]. Penrose, R., & Floyd, R. M. (1971). Extraction of rotational energy from a black hole. Nature Physical Science,229(6), 177-179.

[4]. Blandford, R. D., & Znajek, R. L. (1977). Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 179(3), 433-456.

[5]. Wang, D. X., Ye, Y. C., Li, Y., & Ge, Z. J. (2008). The BZ–MC–BP model for jet production from a black hole accretion disc. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 385(2), 841-848.

[6]. Pei, G., Nampalliwar, S., Bambi, C., & Middleton, M. J. (2016). Blandford–Znajek mechanism in black holes in alternative theories of gravity. The European Physical Journal C, 76(10), 1-12.

[7]. Blandford, R. D., & Payne, D. G. (1982). Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 199(4), 883-903.

[8]. Fender, R., & Belloni, T. (2012). Stellar-mass black holes and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Science, 337(6094), 540-544.

[9]. McClintock, J. E., Narayan, R., & Steiner, J. F. (2013). Black hole spin via continuum fitting and the role of spin in powering transient jets. In The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes (pp. 295-322). Springer, New York, NY

[10]. Fender, R. P., Gallo, E., & Russell, D. (2010). No evidence for black hole spin powering of jets in X-ray binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 406(3), 1425-1434.

[11]. Narayan, R., & McClintock, J. E. (2012). Observational evidence for a correlation between jet power and black hole spin. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 419(1), L69-L73. (NM 2012)

[12]. Steiner, J. F., McClintock, J. E., & Narayan, R. (2012). Jet power and black hole spin: testing an empirical relationship and using it to predict the spins of six black holes. The Astrophysical Journal, 762(2), 104. (SMN 2013)

[13]. Chen, Z., Gou, L., McClintock, J. E., Steiner, J. F., Wu, J., Xu, W., & Xiang, Y. (2016). The spin of the black hole in the X-ray binary Nova Muscae 1991. The Astrophysical Journal, 825(1), 45.

[14]. Russell, D. M., Gallo, E., & Fender, R. P. (2013). Observational constraints on the powering mechanism of transient relativistic jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 431(1), 405-414. (RGF 2013)

For authors
Guide for authors Policies for authors Aims and scope Subscription Open access policy
For editors
Policies for editors Editorial board
For reviewers
Policies for reviewers Privacy policy

Cookies are used by this site.
Copyright © 2024 EWA Publishing, its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.