References
[1]. Hannan, M. A., Azidin, F. A., & Mohamed, A. (2014). Hybrid electric vehicles and their challenges: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 135-150.
[2]. Hawkins, T. R., Gausen, O. M., & Strømman, A. H. (2012). Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles—a review. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 997-1014.
[3]. Lopes, J. A. P., Soares, F. J., & Almeida, P. M. R. (2010). Integration of electric vehicles in the electric power system. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(1), 168-183.
[4]. Barlow, J. B. Rae, W. H., & Pope, A. (2015) "Low speed wind tunnel testing," INCAS Bulletin, vol. 7, p. 133.
[5]. Karamallah, A. A., & Wahab, A. K. (2011). Experimental determination of drag coefficient on different automobiles geometry. Eng. & Tech. Journal, 29, 3043-3057.
[6]. Marcus, M. A., & Ignatovich, F. (2016). Windshield wedge angle and layer thickness measurements. Lumetrics Inc., Rochester.
[7]. Abdellah, E., & Wang, B. (2017, September). CFD analysis on effect of front windshield angle on aerodynamic drag. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 231, No. 1, p. 012173). IOP Publishing.
[8]. Gunpinar, E., Coskun, U. C., Ozsipahi, M., & Gunpinar, S. (2019). A generative design and drag coefficient prediction system for sedan car side silhouettes based on computational fluid dynamics. Computer-Aided Design, 111, 65-79.
[9]. Sharma, R. B., & Bansal, R. (2013). CFD simulation for flow over passenger car using tail plates for aerodynamic drag reduction. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 7(5), 28-35.
[10]. Ali, Z., Tyacke, J., Watson, R., Tucker, P. G., & Shahpar, S. (2019). Efficient preprocessing of complex geometries for CFD simulations. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 33(3), 98-114.
[11]. He, Y., Bayly, A. E., & Hassanpour, A. (2018). Coupling CFD-DEM with dynamic meshing: A new approach for fluid-structure interaction in particle-fluid flows. Powder Technology, 325, 620-631.
[12]. Zawawi, M. H., Saleha, A., Salwa, A., Hassan, N. H., Zahari, N. M., Ramli, M. Z., & Muda, Z. C. (2018, November). A review: Fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 2030, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
[13]. BAYINDIRLI, C., & Çelik, M. (2020). The determination of effect of windshield ınclination angle on drag coefficient of a bus model by CFD method. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 9(3), 122-129.
[14]. Abhishek, G., Ramsankar, V., Sreesankaran, M., Sabareesh, G., & Jalaiah, N. (2016). Combined effects of vehicle body geometry and drag reduction techniques on drag coefficient. In 8th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications, Boston.
Cite this article
Gao,C. (2023). Effect of front windshield angle on drag coefficient of electric vehicles. Theoretical and Natural Science,12,101-107.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. Hannan, M. A., Azidin, F. A., & Mohamed, A. (2014). Hybrid electric vehicles and their challenges: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 135-150.
[2]. Hawkins, T. R., Gausen, O. M., & Strømman, A. H. (2012). Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles—a review. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 997-1014.
[3]. Lopes, J. A. P., Soares, F. J., & Almeida, P. M. R. (2010). Integration of electric vehicles in the electric power system. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(1), 168-183.
[4]. Barlow, J. B. Rae, W. H., & Pope, A. (2015) "Low speed wind tunnel testing," INCAS Bulletin, vol. 7, p. 133.
[5]. Karamallah, A. A., & Wahab, A. K. (2011). Experimental determination of drag coefficient on different automobiles geometry. Eng. & Tech. Journal, 29, 3043-3057.
[6]. Marcus, M. A., & Ignatovich, F. (2016). Windshield wedge angle and layer thickness measurements. Lumetrics Inc., Rochester.
[7]. Abdellah, E., & Wang, B. (2017, September). CFD analysis on effect of front windshield angle on aerodynamic drag. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 231, No. 1, p. 012173). IOP Publishing.
[8]. Gunpinar, E., Coskun, U. C., Ozsipahi, M., & Gunpinar, S. (2019). A generative design and drag coefficient prediction system for sedan car side silhouettes based on computational fluid dynamics. Computer-Aided Design, 111, 65-79.
[9]. Sharma, R. B., & Bansal, R. (2013). CFD simulation for flow over passenger car using tail plates for aerodynamic drag reduction. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 7(5), 28-35.
[10]. Ali, Z., Tyacke, J., Watson, R., Tucker, P. G., & Shahpar, S. (2019). Efficient preprocessing of complex geometries for CFD simulations. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 33(3), 98-114.
[11]. He, Y., Bayly, A. E., & Hassanpour, A. (2018). Coupling CFD-DEM with dynamic meshing: A new approach for fluid-structure interaction in particle-fluid flows. Powder Technology, 325, 620-631.
[12]. Zawawi, M. H., Saleha, A., Salwa, A., Hassan, N. H., Zahari, N. M., Ramli, M. Z., & Muda, Z. C. (2018, November). A review: Fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 2030, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
[13]. BAYINDIRLI, C., & Çelik, M. (2020). The determination of effect of windshield ınclination angle on drag coefficient of a bus model by CFD method. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 9(3), 122-129.
[14]. Abhishek, G., Ramsankar, V., Sreesankaran, M., Sabareesh, G., & Jalaiah, N. (2016). Combined effects of vehicle body geometry and drag reduction techniques on drag coefficient. In 8th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications, Boston.