Formation mechanism of blazar jets

Research Article
Open access

Formation mechanism of blazar jets

Jiaxuan Chen 1*
  • 1 Shandong University    
  • *corresponding author lewxam0102@163.com
Published on 8 December 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/19/20230529
TNS Vol.19
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-203-9
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-204-6

Abstract

In research of astronomy, cosmology and the basic theoretical physics, the black hole is one of the most concerned celestial bodies. AGN is a kind of observation source with supermassive black hole as the central core, among which Blazar is the key observation subclass of the observer whose jet is facing the Earth. Therefore, the study of the jet has become an crucial subject of black hole research. In this paper, I start with the basic structure model of AGN, briefly describe the characteristics and mechanisms of each structure, especially the jet, and afterward introduce the observed spectral bimodal characteristics, focusing on the analysis of the existing jet formation mechanism from the radio band. Through the existing observations and data fitting, that is, the logarithmic linear fitting of the jet power to the luminosity of the accretion disc and the jet power to the mass and spin parameters of the black hole, corresponding to the Blandford&Payne and the Blandford&Znajek mechanism respectively. Finally, we analyze the conclusion of the two methods and draw the possibility of the two processes and the complementary relationship in theory. Incidentally, the model theory of mixed interpretation of the two mechanisms and processes is obtained.

Keywords:

AGNs, Blazar jet, black hole mass, black hole spin, accretion disc luminosity.

Chen,J. (2023). Formation mechanism of blazar jets. Theoretical and Natural Science,19,169-175.
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References

[1]. Huang Kerong (2005). Quasars and active galactic nuclei. China Science and Technology Press

[2]. Stickel, M. , Fried, J. W. , Kuehr, H. , Padovani, P. , & Urry, C. M. . (1991). The complete sample of 1 jansky bl lacertae objects. i - summary properties. Astrophysical Journal, 374(2).

[3]. Blandford, R. D. , & Znajek, R. L. . (1977). Electromagnetic extraction of energy from kerr black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 179(3), 433-456.

[4]. Blandford, R. D. , & Payne, D. G. . (1982). Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 199(4), 883-903.

[5]. Maraschi, L. , & Tavecchio, F. . (2002). The Jet-disc Connection and Blazar Unification. arXiv, 10.1086/342118.

[6]. Ghisellini, G. , Tavecchio, F. , Maraschi, L. , Celotti, A. , & Sbarrato, T. . (2014). The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion discs. Nature, 515(7527), 376-378.

[7]. He Xiangtao (2007). Observational cosmology. Beijing Normal University Press

[8]. Urry, C. M. . (1995). Unified schemes for radio-loud active galactic nuclei. publications of the astronomical society of the pacific.

[9]. Wills, Beverley, J., Wills, D., & Breger, et al. (1992). A survey for high optical polarization in quasars with core-dominant radio structure - is there a beamed optical continuum?. ApJ, 398(2), 454-454.

[10]. Ding Nan. (2020). Research on multi band light variability of active galactic nuclei (doctoral dissertation, Nanjing University). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CDFDLAST2021&filename=1021501269.nh

[11]. Li Linlin, Shen Shiyin,&Hou Jinliang (2018). Advances in the study of the spatial distribution of intergalactic extinction in the Milky Way Progress in Astronomy , 36(1), 16.

[12]. Fossati, G. , Maraschi, L. , Celotti, A. , Comastri, A. , & Ghisellini, G. . (2010). A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(2), 433-448.

[13]. Urry, C. M. . (1998). Multiwavelength properties of blazars. Advances in Space Research, 21(1-2), 89-100.

[14]. \bibitem[Dermer \& Schlickeiser(1993)]{1993ApJ...416..458D} Dermer, C.~D. \& Schlickeiser, R.\ 1993, \apj, 416, 458. doi:10.1086/173251

[15]. Ghisellini, G. . (2007). Blazars and Gamma Ray Bursts. VI Microquasar Workshop: Microquasars and Beyond.

[16]. Calderone, G. , Ghisellini, G. , Colpi, M. , & Dotti, M. . (2013). Black hole mass estimate for a sample of radio-loud narrow-line seyfert 1 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(1), 210-239.

[17]. Zhang Lixia Jet and accretion of blazing variants

[18]. Daly, R. A. . (2009). Bounds on black hole spins. Astrophysical Journal, 696(1), L191.

[19]. Ghisellini, G. , & Tavecchio, F. . (2010). The blazar sequence: a new perspective. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 387(4), 1669-1680.

[20]. Thorne, K. S. . (1974). disc-accretion onto a black hole. ii. evolution of the hole. The Astrophysical Journal, 191(2), 507-520.

[21]. (1998). The demography of massive dark objects in galaxy centers. The Astronomical Journal.

[22]. Ferrarese, L. , & Merritt, D. . (2000). A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies. ApJL, 10.1086/312838.

[23]. Blandford, R. D. , & Mckee, C. F. . (1982). Reverberation mapping of the emission line regions of seyfert galaxies and quasars. Astrophysical Journal, 255(2), 419-439.

[24]. Bradley, m., & Peterson. (1993). Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

[25]. Koratkar, A. P. , & Gaskell, C. M. . (1991). Structure and kinematics of the broad-line regions in active galaxies from iue variability data. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 75(3), 719-750.

[26]. Krolik, & Julian, H. . (2001). Systematic errors in the estimation of black hole masses by reverberation mapping. Astrophysical Journal, 551(1), 72-79.

[27]. Liang, C. . (2018). On the jet properties of γ-ray-loud active galactic nuclei. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 235(2).

[28]. Kang Shiju (2017). A study of jet physics of blazing bodies Journal of Astronomy, 58(5), 130-132.

Cite this article

Chen,J. (2023). Formation mechanism of blazar jets. Theoretical and Natural Science,19,169-175.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Innovation and Applied Physics

ISBN：978-1-83558-203-9(Print) / 978-1-83558-204-6(Online)
Editor：Marwan Omar, Roman Bauer
Conference website: https://www.confciap.org/
Conference date: 25 March 2023
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.19
ISSN：2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Huang Kerong (2005). Quasars and active galactic nuclei. China Science and Technology Press

[2]. Stickel, M. , Fried, J. W. , Kuehr, H. , Padovani, P. , & Urry, C. M. . (1991). The complete sample of 1 jansky bl lacertae objects. i - summary properties. Astrophysical Journal, 374(2).

[3]. Blandford, R. D. , & Znajek, R. L. . (1977). Electromagnetic extraction of energy from kerr black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 179(3), 433-456.

[4]. Blandford, R. D. , & Payne, D. G. . (1982). Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 199(4), 883-903.

[5]. Maraschi, L. , & Tavecchio, F. . (2002). The Jet-disc Connection and Blazar Unification. arXiv, 10.1086/342118.

[6]. Ghisellini, G. , Tavecchio, F. , Maraschi, L. , Celotti, A. , & Sbarrato, T. . (2014). The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion discs. Nature, 515(7527), 376-378.

[7]. He Xiangtao (2007). Observational cosmology. Beijing Normal University Press

[8]. Urry, C. M. . (1995). Unified schemes for radio-loud active galactic nuclei. publications of the astronomical society of the pacific.

[9]. Wills, Beverley, J., Wills, D., & Breger, et al. (1992). A survey for high optical polarization in quasars with core-dominant radio structure - is there a beamed optical continuum?. ApJ, 398(2), 454-454.

[10]. Ding Nan. (2020). Research on multi band light variability of active galactic nuclei (doctoral dissertation, Nanjing University). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CDFDLAST2021&filename=1021501269.nh

[11]. Li Linlin, Shen Shiyin,&Hou Jinliang (2018). Advances in the study of the spatial distribution of intergalactic extinction in the Milky Way Progress in Astronomy , 36(1), 16.

[12]. Fossati, G. , Maraschi, L. , Celotti, A. , Comastri, A. , & Ghisellini, G. . (2010). A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(2), 433-448.

[13]. Urry, C. M. . (1998). Multiwavelength properties of blazars. Advances in Space Research, 21(1-2), 89-100.

[14]. \bibitem[Dermer \& Schlickeiser(1993)]{1993ApJ...416..458D} Dermer, C.~D. \& Schlickeiser, R.\ 1993, \apj, 416, 458. doi:10.1086/173251

[15]. Ghisellini, G. . (2007). Blazars and Gamma Ray Bursts. VI Microquasar Workshop: Microquasars and Beyond.

[16]. Calderone, G. , Ghisellini, G. , Colpi, M. , & Dotti, M. . (2013). Black hole mass estimate for a sample of radio-loud narrow-line seyfert 1 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(1), 210-239.

[17]. Zhang Lixia Jet and accretion of blazing variants

[18]. Daly, R. A. . (2009). Bounds on black hole spins. Astrophysical Journal, 696(1), L191.

[19]. Ghisellini, G. , & Tavecchio, F. . (2010). The blazar sequence: a new perspective. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 387(4), 1669-1680.

[20]. Thorne, K. S. . (1974). disc-accretion onto a black hole. ii. evolution of the hole. The Astrophysical Journal, 191(2), 507-520.

[21]. (1998). The demography of massive dark objects in galaxy centers. The Astronomical Journal.

[22]. Ferrarese, L. , & Merritt, D. . (2000). A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies. ApJL, 10.1086/312838.

[23]. Blandford, R. D. , & Mckee, C. F. . (1982). Reverberation mapping of the emission line regions of seyfert galaxies and quasars. Astrophysical Journal, 255(2), 419-439.

[24]. Bradley, m., & Peterson. (1993). Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

[25]. Koratkar, A. P. , & Gaskell, C. M. . (1991). Structure and kinematics of the broad-line regions in active galaxies from iue variability data. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 75(3), 719-750.

[26]. Krolik, & Julian, H. . (2001). Systematic errors in the estimation of black hole masses by reverberation mapping. Astrophysical Journal, 551(1), 72-79.

[27]. Liang, C. . (2018). On the jet properties of γ-ray-loud active galactic nuclei. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 235(2).

[28]. Kang Shiju (2017). A study of jet physics of blazing bodies Journal of Astronomy, 58(5), 130-132.

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