A lipid-based LMP2-mRNA vaccine to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Research Article
Open access

A lipid-based LMP2-mRNA vaccine to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Dora Hsiao 1* , Bowen Dai 2 , Wenhan Chen 3
  • 1 International School of Dongguan    
  • 2 Harrow International School Hong Kong    
  • 3 United World College Atlantic    
  • *corresponding author DoraXXX18@163.com
Published on 20 December 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230820
TNS Vol.21
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-215-2
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-216-9

Abstract

This paper focuses on developing a lipid-based vaccine targeting nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly severe and invasive epithelial malignancy associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The researchers selected EBV latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) as the preferred antigen for the vaccine. They synthesized full-length LMP2 using an in vitro transcription method and encapsulated it into cationic liposomes based on (2,3-dioleacyl propyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP) to create the mRNA vaccine (LPX-mLMP2). Cell assays in the study demonstrated that antigen-presenting cells efficiently took up LPX-mLMP2 and expressed LMP2. This led to the formation of peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) for presentation. Moreover, the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells at the tumor site indicated the promising potential for mRNA vaccines in combating virus-induced cancers, such as NPC. The researchers concluded that the newly developed mRNA vaccine encoding the antigen offered advantages in the context of NPC and highlighted the attractiveness of mRNA vaccines as candidates for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:

LMP2-mRNA, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Epstein‒Barr virus

Hsiao,D.;Dai,B.;Chen,W. (2023). A lipid-based LMP2-mRNA vaccine to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Theoretical and Natural Science,21,70-74.
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References

[1]. Sung, H.; Ferlay, J.; Siegel, R. L.; Laversanne, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Jemal, A.; Bray, F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021, 71, 209–249.

[2]. Zhu, Q. Y.; Kong, X. W.; Sun, C.; Xie, S. H.; Hildesheim, A.; Cao, S. M.; Zeng, M. S. Association between antibody responses to Epstein–Barr virus glycoproteins, neutralization of infectivity, and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. mSphere 2020, 5, e00901–20.

[3]. Zeng, Y.; Si, Y. F.; Lan, G. P.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, L.; Tang, M. Z.; Sj, O. B.; Lan, J.; Zhou, X. Y.; Wang, Y. L. et al. LMP2-DC vaccine elicits specific EBV-LMP2 response to effectively improve immunotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 2020, 33, 849–856.

[4]. Ge, Y. Y.; Zhou, Z. X.; Wang, X. L.; Zhou, Y. B.; Liu, W.; Teng, Z. P.; Zeng, Y. In vitro evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of EBV-LMP2 recombinant adenovirus vaccine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2020, 121, 109626.

[5]. Taylor, G. S.; Jia, H.; Harrington, K.; Lee, L. W.; Turner, J.; Ladell, K.; Price, D. A.; Tanday, M.; Matthews, J.; Roberts, C. et al. A recombinant modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine encoding Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) target antigens: A phase I trial in UK patients with EBV-positive cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2014, 20, 5009–5022.

[6]. Samimi, Shabnam. “Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems.” ScienceDirect, 2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/zeta-potential. Accessed 25 February 20234.

[7]. “Electrophoresis.” National Human Genome Research Institute, 23 February 2023, https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Electrophoresis. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[8]. Jagannathan, Sruthi. “What is clathrin-mediated endocytosis?” MBInfo, https://www.mechanobio.info/what-is-the-plasma-membrane/what-is-membrane-trafficking/what-is-clathrin-mediated-endocytosis/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[9]. “Regulation of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis - PMC.” NCBI, 16 April 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383209/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[10]. Aguilar, Rubén Claudio. “Endocytosis of membrane receptors: Two pathways are better than one.” PNAS, 14 February 2005, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0500213102. Accessed 25 February 2023.

[11]. “Phagocytosis | Definition, Process, & Examples | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/phagocytosis. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[12]. Sadikot, Ruxana T., and Timothy S. Blackwell. “Bioluminescence Imaging - PMC.” NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713342/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[13]. “DOTMA for Gene Transfection | Avanti Cationic Lipid.” Avanti Polar Lipids, https://avantilipids.com/product/890898. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[14]. Segal, Troy. “Biotechnology vs. Pharmaceuticals: What’s the Difference?” Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/033115/what-difference-between-biotechnology-company-and-pharmaceutical-company.asp. Accessed 27 February 2023.

Cite this article

Hsiao,D.;Dai,B.;Chen,W. (2023). A lipid-based LMP2-mRNA vaccine to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Theoretical and Natural Science,21,70-74.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science

ISBN：978-1-83558-215-2(Print) / 978-1-83558-216-9(Online)
Editor：Alan Wang
Conference website: https://www.icbiomed.org/
Conference date: 2 September 2023
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.21
ISSN：2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Sung, H.; Ferlay, J.; Siegel, R. L.; Laversanne, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Jemal, A.; Bray, F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021, 71, 209–249.

[2]. Zhu, Q. Y.; Kong, X. W.; Sun, C.; Xie, S. H.; Hildesheim, A.; Cao, S. M.; Zeng, M. S. Association between antibody responses to Epstein–Barr virus glycoproteins, neutralization of infectivity, and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. mSphere 2020, 5, e00901–20.

[3]. Zeng, Y.; Si, Y. F.; Lan, G. P.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, L.; Tang, M. Z.; Sj, O. B.; Lan, J.; Zhou, X. Y.; Wang, Y. L. et al. LMP2-DC vaccine elicits specific EBV-LMP2 response to effectively improve immunotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 2020, 33, 849–856.

[4]. Ge, Y. Y.; Zhou, Z. X.; Wang, X. L.; Zhou, Y. B.; Liu, W.; Teng, Z. P.; Zeng, Y. In vitro evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of EBV-LMP2 recombinant adenovirus vaccine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2020, 121, 109626.

[5]. Taylor, G. S.; Jia, H.; Harrington, K.; Lee, L. W.; Turner, J.; Ladell, K.; Price, D. A.; Tanday, M.; Matthews, J.; Roberts, C. et al. A recombinant modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine encoding Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) target antigens: A phase I trial in UK patients with EBV-positive cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2014, 20, 5009–5022.

[6]. Samimi, Shabnam. “Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems.” ScienceDirect, 2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/zeta-potential. Accessed 25 February 20234.

[7]. “Electrophoresis.” National Human Genome Research Institute, 23 February 2023, https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Electrophoresis. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[8]. Jagannathan, Sruthi. “What is clathrin-mediated endocytosis?” MBInfo, https://www.mechanobio.info/what-is-the-plasma-membrane/what-is-membrane-trafficking/what-is-clathrin-mediated-endocytosis/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[9]. “Regulation of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis - PMC.” NCBI, 16 April 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383209/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[10]. Aguilar, Rubén Claudio. “Endocytosis of membrane receptors: Two pathways are better than one.” PNAS, 14 February 2005, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0500213102. Accessed 25 February 2023.

[11]. “Phagocytosis | Definition, Process, & Examples | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/phagocytosis. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[12]. Sadikot, Ruxana T., and Timothy S. Blackwell. “Bioluminescence Imaging - PMC.” NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713342/. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[13]. “DOTMA for Gene Transfection | Avanti Cationic Lipid.” Avanti Polar Lipids, https://avantilipids.com/product/890898. Accessed 27 February 2023.

[14]. Segal, Troy. “Biotechnology vs. Pharmaceuticals: What’s the Difference?” Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/033115/what-difference-between-biotechnology-company-and-pharmaceutical-company.asp. Accessed 27 February 2023.

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