Volume 137

As a high-intensity and tactically complex sport, American football has a high injury rate, and the specific movement patterns in certain positions lead to different injury situations, posing significant challenges to the health and sustainability of athletes, highlighting the importance of targeted research. This study focuses on key positions in American football, and develops comprehensive targeted training and rehabilitation plans by analyzing the injury mechanisms, differential factors, and rehabilitation strategies in specific positions. Research has found that injury patterns vary in different positions: quarterbacks have multiple upper limb injuries, running backs and wide receivers have lower limb injuries, forwards are prone to spinal injuries, and defensive guards have the highest incidence of concussion. The differences in injuries are related to biomechanical load, movement mechanisms, and training mismatches, and training plans corresponding to each position have been designed accordingly. This study emphasizes the crucial role of location specificity in injury management, providing personalized guidance for coaches and physical therapists to help reduce injuries and restore athletes’ optimal performance.

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Traditional technologies for new drug research and development face numerous challenges, such as the lack of high-success-rate tools for virtual design of drug molecules based on protein three-dimensional structures (a limitation to research and development efficiency), the absence of reliable methods for generating new scaffold drug molecules, and a shortage of fast, reliable, low-cost models for drug toxicology prediction. AI can accurately predict protein structures to accelerate target design, efficiently generate new scaffold molecules adapted to targets, and greatly enhance the generalization ability of protein-ligand binding predictions. Some AI models have shown excellent performance in pharmacotoxicology prediction and treatment evaluation. These new technologies significantly shorten research and development cycles, reduce costs, improve prediction accuracy and efficiency, and drive the transformation of new drug research and development from experience-driven to data-driven approaches. This article reviews the application status and progress of AI tools in drug research and development, which focuses on two areas: AI-driven cancer drug target identification and optimization, and toxicology prediction and evaluation tools.

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Invasive alien species already become significant threats to global ecosystems, freshwater ecosystem is on of the important ecosystem for human well-being and aquatic species, but they face severe threats from invasive alien species. This paper analyze the ecological impacts and biological trait of invasive alien species through case studies of nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). These invasive alien species thrive in non-native environments due to their strong adaptability, and devastates fresh water ecosystem through harming native species and influencing their environment. Moreover, this paper will also analyzed management that humans can take action to resist invasive alien species. And discussing accessibility for these management strategies.

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Gastric cancer is one of the major issues for world health. Although patients have a poor five-year survival rate, early detection can significantly improve the prognosis. There are some issues with today’s diagnostic techniques, such as positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). In this work, we investigate the G3BP1 protein as a potential biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer. We use tumors from MKN1 xenograft mice and adjacent healthy tissues. We predicted that in cancer cells, HSU mRNA levels would decrease and G3BP1 would rise. In the experiments, we used the gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and AGS and the human stomach epithelial cell line GES-1. We created detecting systems like the luciferase and GFP systems. Confocal microscopy, Western blot analysis, cell transfection, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were among the experimental techniques used. There were eight combinations for the outcomes. The theory was completely supported by CR1. It showed how gastric cancer development may be influenced by both the increase in G3BP1 and the decrease in HSU mRNA. However, CR8 was entirely opposed to the notion, whereas CR2–CR7 only partially supported it. These findings indicate that there is a complicated interaction between G3BP1 and HSU mRNA in the gastric cancer development. In order to understand these interactions and clarify biomarkers for early diagnosis, we will adopt gene editing methods and multi-omics analysis in the future.

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Bone augmentation techniques are crucial for addressing bone deficiency in dental implant restoration, significantly improving both initial stability and long-term success rates. Bone insufficiency often results from periodontal disease, trauma, or prolonged tooth loss, which compromises implant stability and osseointegration outcomes. This article systematically examines clinically used bone augmentation methods, analyzing the biological principles, advantages/disadvantages, and current clinical applications of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), bone grafting, bone split techniques, and maxillary sinus lift surgery. While autologous bone grafting demonstrates high osteogenic potential but carries significant trauma, bone substitutes offer abundant sources yet face limited efficiency. GBR minimizes trauma but risks membrane exposure. Emerging bone enhancement materials (e.g., β-tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite), 3D printing technology, and tissue engineering have substantially improved regenerative efficacy while reducing surgical trauma, though their high costs and limited clinical adoption remain challenges. This study compares the indications and limitations of different bone augmentation techniques, exploring the application prospects of emerging technologies in dental restoration.

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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of patients with corresponding mutations or fusions. However, the emergence of drug resistance—including primary resistance (e.g., EGFR exon 20 insertions, ALK fusion variant heterogeneity) and acquired resistance (e.g., EGFR T790M, ALK L1196M mutations)—severely limits long-term efficacy. This review systematically synthesizes the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFR/ALK resistance, highlighting both commonalities (e.g., target mutations) and specificities (e.g., small cell transformation in EGFR resistance). It further summarizes current coping strategies, including the development of next-generation inhibitors (osimertinib, lorlatinib), combination therapies (targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or dual-target inhibition), and personalized regimens guided by liquid biopsy. Additionally, the review discusses recent research advances, ongoing challenges (complex resistance, toxicity management), and future directions (single-cell sequencing, multi-target drug design), aiming to provide insights for optimizing clinical practice and accelerating therapeutic innovation in NSCLC.

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Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) refers to a special type of coronary fat that is in direct contact with the myocardium and coronary arteries with no other tissue separating it.The results of many recent studies have shown that abnormal changes in the adipose tissue of the outer mucosa of the Heart play an important role in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, coronary atherosclerosis, and electrical remodeling of the heart, as well as being closely associated with an increased risk of complications after surgery. However, SGLT - 2 inhibitors, a novel class of therapeutic agents, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ameliorating the pathological state of epicardial adipose tissue. This finding furnishes a novel mechanistic basis for the prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases. This article will examine in detail the potential mechanism of action of the SGLT-2 inhibitor in improving the condition in the adipose tissue of the outer mucosa of the heart aiming to achieve the preventive effect against cardiovascular diseases.It seeks to provide new perspectives and evidence for the prevention and fight against cardiovascular diseases.

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Knee injuries are highly prevalent in fencing, as the sport’s rapid directional changes, explosive lunges, and asymmetric lower-limb loading frequently cause issues like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and patellar tendon strain, which threaten athletes’ performance and long-term career sustainability. Addressing these injuries with effective rehabilitation is crucial for safeguarding fencers’ athletic careers. This paper focuses on a fencing-specific rehabilitation framework for knee injuries and compares its outcomes against general orthopedic protocols and the FIFA 11+ protocol. The fencing-specific framework is divided into four progressive phases: acute protection, strength restoration, dynamic stability, and return-to-sport reconditioning. Integration of sport-specific biomechanics, psychological readiness assessment, and data-driven monitoring into this framework yielded superior rehabilitation outcomes. Compared to general and FIFA 11+ protocols, the fencing-tailored approach shortened recovery time, enhanced neuromuscular control, and better restored athletes’ competitive readiness. These findings emphasize the necessity of designing rehabilitation protocols based on fencing’s unique demands, providing a practical model for clinicians, coaches, and sports organizations to improve fencers’ health and maintain their competitive performance.

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Teledentistry, the integration of digital technologies into oral healthcare, has emerged as a transformative solution to address global disparities in dental access. With 69% of dentists concentrated in Europe and the U.S. serving only 27% of the global population, teledentistry bridges gaps through remote diagnosis, consultation, and education. This review highlights key applications including rural outreach programmes that achieve high diagnostic concordance with in-person exams, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered postoperative monitoring that reduces follow-ups, cross-border specialist consultations, and virtual reality (VR)-enhanced dental education that improves learning outcomes. Core technologies such as high-resolution imaging, secure data systems, and AI diagnostics demonstrate reliability comparable to traditional methods, though challenges like internet reliability and reimbursement policies persist. Economic analyses suggest cost savings, but evidence quality remains low. While patient satisfaction is high, particularly in underserved regions, yet older adults face adoption barriers. This review synthesizes teledentistry’s applications in diagnosis, consultation, education, and postoperative care, evaluating its clinical and economic value, identifying implementation barriers, and proposing strategies for standardized adoption.

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Prion diseases are a group of rare but invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). The unique infectious nature of PrPSc, its ability to self-propagate, and the severe neuropathological changes it induces, including neuronal loss, spongiform degeneration, and gliosis, make these disorders particularly challenging to treat. Currently, there are no approved disease-modifying therapies, and clinical management remains entirely supportive. However, advances in molecular biology and translational neuroscience have led to promising therapeutic strategies. Antisense oligonucleotides have demonstrated efficacy in reducing PrP expression and slowing disease progression in preclinical models, while immunotherapy offers both preventive and therapeutic potential through antibody- or vaccine-based approaches. Small-molecule inhibitors, including compounds that disrupt prion aggregation or stabilize PrPC, also remain an area of active exploration. Despite these advances, major challenges persist: the inability of many therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier, prion strain variability that limits treatment generalizability, and the difficulty of diagnosing disease before significant neurodegeneration occurs. Future therapeutic success will depend on early detection, improved drug delivery systems, and combination therapies that simultaneously target multiple aspects of prion pathogenesis. Together, these developments highlight both the promise and the complexity of translating experimental prion therapeutics into viable clinical applications.

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