Volume 7

This paper is targeted at the policies and adjustments of the United States against the nuclear program of Iran during the administration of Donald Trump and Joe Biden and attempts to analyze the reasons and motivations. After the Trump administration took office, the United States unilaterally withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and implemented an all-round suppression of Iran. On the contrary, President Biden has shown a strong willingness to rejoin the deal and released goodwill to Iran frequently. Biden’s policy seems to be significantly different from that of Trump, but it does not deviate from the framework of the Trump administration. This paper explores the foreign policies of the two governments towards Iran through three levels of analysis and uses cognitive psychology to analyze the influence of Trump's personal factors on his policies. It concludes that Trump's policies on Iran nuclear issue during his administration are mainly affected by his political personality and national security environment, while Biden's strategic adjustment to the foreign policy is more influenced by political pressure at home and abroad besides national security.

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In response to the aging population, China has proposed a new family planning policy, the "three-child policy." On May 31, 2021, the Decision on Optimizing the Fertility Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development pointed out that China's fertility policy should be further optimized, which included that a couple can have three children. On July 20th, 2021, “the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Optimizing the Fertility Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development” was announced. On July 21, the "Notice of the Office of the National Medical and Social Security Bureau on Doing a Good Job in Supporting the three-Child Policy and Maternity Insurance” was announced. On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a decision on the revision of “the Population and Family Planning Law”. The revised law advocates marriage of the right age, good prenatal and postnatal care, and that a couple can have three children. However, it is a great challenge to women, so whether this policy can be effectively improved and implemented will depend on the current social and political development situation. This paper will analyze the "three-child policy" from both advantages and disadvantages to predict its impact. This is beneficial because it can reduce the aging of the population and promote social and economic development. The disadvantages are the harm to women, physical influence, psychological pressure and social tolerance towards women, and whether the company will reject female employees.

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The phenomenon of Asia-African relations has received considerable attention since the start of the 21st century. As China and Japan are two leading Asian donors of Africa, their foreign aid policies are worth analyzing and comparing. Among African countries, Ethiopia is located in the horn of Africa, whose strategic position is relatively significant. In addition, Ethiopia has not been colonized in the history, which makes this case more meaningful. Most of the previous studies have concentrated on either one specific aspect like economic or certain country’s foreign aid policies towards Ethiopia. This research aims to analyze and compare China’s and Japan’s multifaceted foreign aid policies towards Africa and Ethiopia in particular. For this purpose, the primary data and materials have been collected from the official websites, official reports, and previous studies. The result shows that their differences involve political, economic and societal aspects. The Japanese government has tended to design detailed policies, guide companies to invest in Ethiopia and cooperate with the NGOs. On the contrary, China’s policies towards Ethiopia are more general, and the Chinese government has played a leading role in economic aiding than the Japanese government. In terms of the societal aspect, the Chinese government is more tending to cooperate with the Ethiopian government instead of the NGOs.

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With the development of Internet technology and the application of big data, the collection, dissemination and use of information become more convenient, people's private lives become more transparent, and concerns about information disclosure or illegal treatment of personal information also follow. By using the methods of literature analysis and comparative analysis, this paper tries to improve the legal protection mechanism of personal information in China by studying the latest legislation in Europe and the United States, and combining the national conditions and actual situation in China. Although the CCPA of the United States and the GDPR of the European Union have great reference significance, they should also pay attention to the potential problems existing in these two legislations, demonstrate the applicability of their practices with an objective and critical view, and formulate a personal information protection legal system with strong applicability that is suitable for China's national conditions.

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With the development of market economy and modern science and technology, some listed companies' financial frauds are constantly discovered and exposed. Taking Zoneco as a case, combining with fraud triangle theory, this paper analyzes the background, causes and means of financial fraud in enterprises, which is different from the traditional way of combining financial statement data analysis with on-the-spot inventory. This paper discusses that modern big data technology provides a more innovative and intuitive method for identifying fraud, and broadens the way for maintaining the stability for the securities market.

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Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is a subsidiary of project management. It is used to control and coordinate the projects in various organizations' portfolios with clear objectives of maximizing the project results, balancing portfolio threats, and aligning the projects to meet the business's strategic aims. In many organizations, PPM is ranked on a higher level than the project management concept because the goal of PPM is to achieve the strategic objectives of an organization. However, risks typically arise during project implementation and management. The project managers constantly work to minimize the project risks while simultaneously maximizing the intended values of a given project. The project management teams should manage the risks while achieving the strategic goals and objectives of an organization. This paper discusses the relationship between PPM and risk management during the project implementation process. The paper explored the use of a systematic literature review to come up with these critical findings. The author recommends that there's a need to use empirical data to validate the existing theories and published literature findings. The project Portfolio Risk Management (PPRM) has practical and theoretical approaches in risk management (RM), decision theory, and modern portfolio theory. The use of a systematic literature review approach was used in the execution of this study to gain more insights into the influence of risks on project portfolio and success, identification of the project portfolio risks, and the management of risks in the project portfolio management context.

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When people think of Hong Kong in the 1960s, most will recall the industrialized prosperity of Hong Kong. Most scholars regard the industrialized prosperity in the 1960s as a direct consequence of the U.S Embargo Policy launched in the 1950s, during the Korean War. However, a no less important driving force, the impacts of the dynamic role of local businessmen and local chambers on the growth of industries has been overlooked. Given the current academic neglect of the local dynamic role, this paper aims to analyze the driving force played by local actors such as associations, chambers of commerce, and even merchants in promoting Hong Kong’s industrial growth, especially in the shipping industries. This paper will demonstrate the effect of embargo policy as well as the contribution of local dynamics, which altogether provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting Hong Kong’s industrial growth in the 1950s.

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Gender equality has been a global debate both within the political, social and business environment. Gender equality according to most researchers have established a positive relationship with performance of organization. Furthermore, in relation to the impact gender equality has on business strategy execution, it would be argued that having gender equality enhances effective execution of business strategies. The study seeks to find out the gender impact on the execution of business strategy. This would include conducing a survey suing questionnaires from 50 women.

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With the expansion of China cosmetic market, many cosmetic groups are engaging in expend their market share. However, the development of cosmetics led to diversified consumers’ needs. Some of customers want to get more skincare products for sensitive skin meanwhile the others care about makeup products' characteristics. Various demands have led to the constant updating of the development strategies of the cosmetic groups. Through reading the literature and research reports on Chinese cosmetics in recent years, it is found that the Chinese cosmetics market is oligopolistic and L’Oreal is the biggest one in several big international groups. However, the rise of domestic cosmetic brands makes these big international groups feel threatened. Domestic brands have a better understanding on physiological and psychological needs of Chinese, even Asian consumers, which make them have the strong competitiveness. In the paper, 4Ps model and Porter’s five forces model are used to analyze the current situation of the cosmetics market and the competitiveness of L 'Oreal Group. Finally, some implications are demonstrated from the perspective of culture, brand introduction, optimization of advertising structure, and consumers’ demands to help L’Oreal improve its competitiveness.

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With the normalization of the epidemic in the United States, the COVID-19 virus is increasingly regarded as a more contagious "big flu" with higher-fatality. The new coronavirus has mutated to make it more susceptible to multiple infections, and some patients may experience symptoms that last for months or years. Unlike previous direct economic crises, the COVID-19 epidemic has played a negative role in the transmission of economic policies in the process of economic recovery, reducing the pertinence of economic policies and the speed of full resumption of work and production. Given the accumulation of negative issues caused by economic policies in the U.S. since the epidemic, this article will discuss the current state of the U.S. industrial economy, high inflation and Fed policy, as well as the international environment and cooperation.

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