Volume 28

In recent years, China’s investment in countries along the “Belt and Road” has gradually expanded. Minerals, energy, manufacturing, infrastructure, engineering construction, etc. are key industries for Chinese companies to invest in countries along the road. Legal deficiencies in the host country’s environment, behavioral defects of overseas investment companies, and the lack of regulatory norms and weak supervision of environment risks in China increase the potential environmental liability risk of Chinese companies. On the purpose of reducing the occurrence of environment risks, this paper takes the international investment law as the entry point, adopts the literature review method and data induction method, and combines a large number of environment risk treatment cases of Chinese companies in the project investment, and proposes five solutions: include environmental protection clauses when signing international treaties with host countries; Strengthen companies’ environmental responsibilities and environmental disclosure obligations; Special legislation for overseas investment by companies; Fully use the role of overseas investment insurance and establishing a diversified mechanism for resolving international environmental disputes.

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Since the inception of “the Belt and Road” Initiative in 2013, China’s foreign economic and trade engagements have experienced ongoing growth and expansion. In response to the broader cross-border market, the establishment of a multifaceted dispute resolution framework encompassing litigation, mediation, and arbitration has emerged as a crucial undertaking. This framework is designed to address the growing complexity of international cooperation disputes. Among them, litigation is the most credible and the last guarantee of fairness and justice. China’s cross-border civil and commercial litigation (Hereinafter referred to as the CBCC litigation) has developed rapidly under “the Belt and Road” Initiative. However, there are still a series of problems in case filing, service, application of law, proof of foreign laws, and execution of overseas judgments. Due to the national policy of “one country, two systems”, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Hereinafter referred to as the Greater Bay Area) has gained unique regional advantages and strategic value in the CBCC litigation reform and practice. This research summarises the development status of the Greater Bay Area since “the Belt and Road” Initiative. It identifies three development directions for the modernisation reform of the litigation in the region: high efficiency, legalisation, and internationalisation. In these three directions, the Greater Bay Area has made certain achievements. These achievements prove that China’s CBCC litigation is actively entering the international track, deepening the determination of international cooperation and exposing the shortcomings of the current cross-border judicial practice. China still has considerable space to progress ahead in enhancing the effectiveness of cross-border dispute resolution, integrating reform initiatives into legal statutes, and advancing international judicial collaboration.

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The ocean is a vast and complex ecosystem covering 70% of the Earth’s surface, providing various resources and energy for humanity. However, with the development of human society, the function of the ocean has gradually shifted from a “harvesting ground” to a “dumping ground.” With large-scale damage to the marine environment, events like the 2011 Japanese nuclear leak and the recent decision by the Japanese Prime Minister to discharge nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean have intensified the discourse on marine environmental protection. Different countries have shown varying stances and attitudes towards these events. This paper explores how individuals should bear national responsibility in nuclear pollution incidents, including the discharge of nuclear wastewater, from the perspective of international marine environmental protection law. The introduction section introduces the research background, methodology, and objectives. The second part discusses the legal analysis of Japan’s disposal of nuclear waste into the ocean. The third part presents the improvement of international legislation on marine environmental protection. The fourth part emphasizes the significant impact and global ramifications of nuclear wastewater discharge, urging clarity on the Japanese government’s responsibility to safeguard coastal nations and accelerate the safe treatment of nuclear wastewater.

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Currently, the problem of trans-boundary marine environmental pollution is becoming increasingly prominent and Japan’s insistence on discharging nuclear wastewater despite protests from other countries has raised concerns among the population. Researchers have found that international conventions and other sources of international environmental law are lack of a liability system for trans-boundary environmental pollution. Therefore, this paper looks for gaps by applying the normative analysis method to retrieve the relevant liability system at the institutional level in order to compare and analyze it, and secondly, using the case analysis method to think about how to improve the liability system through case law practical perspective. The study concludes that it can be constructed from two perspectives, namely the responsibility of the State and the tort responsibility of private subject to adopt the system of tortious responsibility and both serve in parallel with that caused by environmental pollution compensate for damage. Due to the irreversibility of environmental pollution, initiating legal proceedings for redress after the event is often not the ultimate goal. Therefore, the ex-ante blocking mechanism need to be further improved and domestic law needs to be constantly improved to compensate for the shortcomings of international law. That help our country deal with the marine environmental pollution to provide methods and ideas.

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Language fossilization is the most important feature of interlanguage, and interlanguage is a universal and inevitable phenomenon during the second language learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of fossilization. In recent years, there has been more and more researches on language fossilization, but there are different opinions on the causes and manifestation. To comprehend the psychological mechanism underlying fossilization, and explore the possible causes of fossilization and its influence on foreign language teaching strategies. The research on language fossilization needs to be continued. Based on Selinker’s main views of fossilization, this paper expounds on the possible causes and the main manifestations of language fossilization followed by a discussion on fossilization by Krashen, Elis and other scholars, while in view of the problems in the process of Chinese students’ English learning and English teachers’ teaching methods. This paper also puts forward some corresponding preventive strategies and suggestions.

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Presently, English is globally recognized as a lingua franca, rendering English language acquisition a widespread pursuit. In parallel, this recognition has cast a pervasive shadow of apprehension upon foreign language learning. Nonetheless, this phenomenon gives rise to specific challenges. Notably, not everyone possesses a disposition suited for acquiring a foreign language, leading the majority to grapple with formidable obstacles. In this study, the author conducted an in-depth exploration of foreign language learning anxiety by delving into the research of esteemed scholars. The overarching aim was to fathom how apprehension linked to foreign language acquisition impacts the very process. In the main, anxiety predominantly functions as a barrier hindering the acquisition of a second language. Nevertheless, it’s pivotal to recognize that anxiety can paradoxically serve as a catalyst for second language acquisition. The intention is to propel forthcoming empirical research geared toward scrutinizing the intricate relationship between second language acquisition and the anxiety entwined with learning a foreign language. This endeavor seeks to equip a larger contingent of students with a comprehensive grasp of foreign language learning anxiety, enabling them to adeptly navigate the dynamic connection between anxiety and foreign language acquisition. At the same time, it is hoped that it will provide some lessons for educators and researchers to make the topic of anxiety in foreign language learning more colorful.

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Research on the second language (L2) mental lexicon has become popular since this century, under the influence of literature on the first language (L1) mental lexicon. Among various L2, English is one of the most commonly learned second languages by non-native speakers all over the world. This paper reviews literature about major findings of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ mental lexicon through the results of word association tests, analyzed from three perspectives: syntagmatic responses, paradigmatic responses and form responses. Also, this paper summarizes some influencing factors of the results from empirical studies. By reading previous research on EFL learners’ mental lexicon, this paper tries to find out some pedagogical implications to help improve the efficiency of L2 vocabulary teaching. The findings of empirical studies show that EFL learners’ mental lexicon is quite different from native speakers. Although both groups’ mental lexicon is mainly associated with semantic responses, the specific links are distinct from each other. EFL learners are more likely to give form-related responses, but whether the proportion of syntagmatic or paradigmatic responses is higher varies in different experiments.

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This study delves into the socio-cultural dynamics of regional identity and football fandom in Jiangsu Province, China. It investigates the lack of provincial identification among residents and their alienation from other cities within the province, as well as the interplay between this distinctive phenomenon of territorial identification and the football support base of football clubs in Jiangsu Province. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilized in-depth interviews and participant observation to gather comprehensive data. The study reveals that that regional identity largely determines how well fans support different teams, and football fandom significantly shapes regional identities as well. Interestingly, the sense of regional identity behind a club like Jiangsu Suning FC, which is named after a province, is quite different from those other clubs that are named after a particular city. The rituals and practices associated with supporting these teams create a shared identity among fans, reinforcing their unique regional identity. This study contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of regional identity, inter-city relations, and the role of sports in shaping these dynamics in contemporary China.

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Wilde is a famous representative writer of aestheticism in the 19th century, and his fairy tales are particularly eye-catching. Wilde's fairy tales are quite romantic, but some are full of tragedy, such as The Nightingale and the Rose and The Happy Prince, and the selfless, helpful characters end up in tragic ends, which make people feel compassion. Meanwhile, fairy tales have always had great significance in educating children. According to this, it can be explored whether these tragic plots need to appear in children's literature, the characteristics and causes of tragedy in Wilde's fairy tales by analysing multiple documents and thinking about related subject knowledge, and analysing the tragedy of fairy tales and the compatibility of children's education, so that there can be better explanations of the role of tragic stories on children's education, thus recognising the necessity of tragedy in fairy tales. At the same time, research based on limitations looks forward to future in-depth exploration, encourages more in-depth and comprehensive thinking on related topics, better recognises and uses tragic colours in the educational value of fairy tales, and makes fairy tales, a genre of children's literature, better contribute to children's learning and development.

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Social media has gradually taken over the lives of young people in the Z-era. With the birth of memes, offline communication is not a necessary mode of communication. It has attracted the attention of experts in a variety of fields. They investigated the spread of memes, language and social communication, and the privacy crisis. There is, however, a gap in the causes and effects of protest memes that are popular among youth groups. Thus, the topic of this paper is the origin of protest memes in social media and their impact. According to the questionnaire on the utilization of protest memes in social media among Chinese university students, the study will collect data from the questions they filled in on the causes and effects of protest memes and psychological situations. Therefore, the percentage analysis is the basis of this study. According to the results, most young people use protest memes because of anxiety or dissatisfaction in school and life, which cannot be vented in reality. Also, there are two sides of protest memes. On the one hand, they meet the emotional catharsis needs of young people and the development of industrial chains at the economic level. On the other hand, they can mislead youth groups about their values and violate the rights of certain people’s images.

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