Volume 4

As COVID-19 spreads, there are quite a lot of disputes on what role a government should play to control the pandemic. This paper will focus on the influence of Roosevelt’s New Deal and its implications to handle a crisis. This paper examines the historical background, specific measures, and effects of Roosevelt's New Deal, as well as the different views of various schools of thought on the New Deal. The main method used is literature analysis. It can be concluded that Roosevelt's New Deal is a solid example of effective government efforts to protect a country amid a crisis.

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Since taking office, Trump has adhered to the policy tenet of America First, with unilateralism as the course of action. At the same time, the Trump administration is also deliberately reducing the international responsibilities borne by the US and emphasizing the principles of fairness and transaction in foreign dealings. Some scholars see this series of actions as a trend towards a return to isolationism. This paper revolves around isolationist foreign policy, more focuses on the revival of isolationism since the Trump administration took office, discusses the Trump administration's foreign policy with its isolationist character. This paper further points out that, given the relative weakening of US international influence, the loss of US manufacturing and the decline in people's living standards, and Trump's mercantilist overtones, the Trump administration has changed its long-held liberal internationalist diplomatic course in favour of a partial return to traditional isolationism. It has profoundly affected the US domestic and world landscape. This study can help to understand the shift in the guiding philosophy of US diplomacy and provide background information on how to develop relations with the US in the new context.

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It has been widely known that exercise can improve physical health by decreasing the probability of certain illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There are fewer experiments substantiating the correlation between exercise and mental health though. This article focuses on analyzing gender differences in motivation and frequency in popular team sports through qualitative analysis and literature review, as well as the influences of these differences on mental health. There are experiments on similar topics, but few literature reviews compare motivation and frequency between genders in exercise while applying the difference to mental health. Therefore, this article focuses on using multiple conclusions from previous research and analysis for a deeper application and meaning. Ultimately, this paper concludes that women are more likely to exercise for health, fitness, and weight loss, while men are more likely to exercise for health, fitness, and enjoyment. There is not a significant difference between women and men in terms of frequency of exercise, but women in general have a lower degree of satisfaction with their quality of life than men do.

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In the context of the current rural revitalization policy and the post-pandemic era, more and more entrepreneurs are choosing to start businesses in remote areas. Among them, female entrepreneurs should not be ignored. This paper focuses on four environmental factors that currently affect female entrepreneurs. It is hoped that this study can help female entrepreneurs better use environmental factors for future female entrepreneurs and adapt measures to local conditions. This paper mainly adopts the chart method and case analysis. This paper finds that the current four environmental factors: the gender equity environment, the entrepreneurial environment in China’s rural areas, the entrepreneurship environment provided by social media and the internet, and the entrepreneurship in the post-epidemic era are very suitable for female entrepreneurship in remote areas, and will bring a positive impact.

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Although many who live in the United States may conclude the overturn of progressive policies as a representation of the cultural war, few can really specify the origin of the conflict. This paper focuses on the historical and sociological reasons behind the current American culture war. It can be concluded that the origin of the current culture war is heavily attributed to the influence of Christian, or specifically, Protestant ideology on the construction of American collective consciousness. Through analysis of research databases from the past, this research proposes that (a) the American state has never been separated from its church and (b) Protestantism is a result of old collective consciousness and a root for democracy, the new collective consciousness. Thus, (c) the cultural war in current American society is between two sets of collective consciousness–between Protestantism and universal democracy. In addition to research on the origin of the cultural war, this research also seeks to suggest the importance of understanding the context of a situation.

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With the gradually widespread use of personification marketing, there is the phenomenon with extensive attention, the uncanny valley effect, that people ' s familiarity for robots decreases sharply with the increase of personification degree, further leading to compensatory consumption behavior based on the self-discrepancy theory and cause the illusion of 'marketing success'. This paper theoretically explores the essence of violation expectations as the uncanny valley effect, and designs a simulation scene experiment in which subjects make consumption decisions in different personification situations in the stimulation of language materials, so as to study the familiarity and compensatory consumption curves under different violation expectations. The results show that under the stimulation of language conditions, there is a familiarity curve similar to the uncanny valley effect and complementary compensatory consumption curve, and the threshold is calculated by fitting curve, within which the familiarity is the lowest and the compensatory consumption is the highest. The results provide empirical evidence to prove the violation of expectation hypothesis, and prove that there is also the uncanny valley effect in the language channel, and the threshold provides guidance for the development of artificial intelligence enterprises.

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This article explored how Chinese international students negotiated identity options via naming practice and choices in the UK. The existing literature has mainly discussed the Chinese students’ practice of adopting English names, and scant attention has been paid to the identity construction of international Chinese students through choosing between their English and ethnic names in an English-speaking context. In this case, this research was situated in the UK, a less studied context, to gain a holistic understanding of students’ identity negotiation. Using a qualitative approach, this research conducted four semi-structured interviews among Chinese international students studying in the UK. The findings demonstrated that when they selected an English name which can present their authentic selves, uniqueness, or wishes. Besides, when deciding whether to adopt their English names or Chinese names in the British academic community, they hold different interpretations of contextual needs, cosmopolitan identity, as well as cultural identity and ethnic belonging. The implications and limitations were also discussed in the end.

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Park is an important space where people could get close to nature in urban space. However, at the time when European parks were first built, gender dysphoria led to park design and management that left a hidden sense of security for women. This paper explores the factors that restricted women's access to the naturalistic style parks that emerged in Europe in the late 20th century, and suggests ways to improve them. The purpose of this study is to allow the public and related departments realize that women in Europe still face the same fear in the park as women in other parts of the world. Knowing that point may help not only to improve the participance of women in public life but also improve the concept of a safe city by considering the park space. The subject of this study is women living in Europe and their feelings when they go to the park, especially with a naturalistic style. The research is conducted by reviewing literature and doing a case study in Sheffield, a city in England. Most references are peer-reviewed journal articles while some data about crime was gathered by UK’s official statistic department. Finally, study found that park with features, such as darkness, empty and enclosed woodland, would not be an enjoyable space for women and the more vulnerable position of women in violent crime may worsen women’s fear in such space. Corresponding to the unsettled factors in a park, park management could be supplementary for the design.

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In recent years, e-cigarettes have become the most popular tobacco product among young adults, and the proportion of people experiencing mental health problems has risen dramatically. The purpose of this review is to summarize the previous studies that looked at the association between e-cigarette use and mental disorders among young adults in the United States. We used Google Scholar as our main database. The key search terms include electronic cigarettes, mental health, young adults, the United States, and other synonyms. We found 4,260 studies at the beginning. After removing duplicates and other irrelevant articles, 33 articles are left. After going through abstracts and titles, 9 articles are left and are included in our final review. The mental health disorders in our review included depression, anxiety, impulsivity, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and nicotine independence, and most papers showed that there was an association between e-cigarettes and mental health disorders among young adults. Among those who co-use e-cigarettes and other substances, dual users have a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms compared to those who only use e-cigarettes. There is an association between e-cigarette use as well as co-use and mental health disorders. More research should be done to understand the biological reasons behind the relationship between e-cigarette use and mental health disorders.

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The multiverse has been a heated topic under discussion as it belongs to a scientific concept, yet still has strong philosophical implications as direct evidence can hardly be gathered. This research analyzes the likelihood of the multiverse using classical scientific reasoning models, including falsification and the paradox of grue. The paper also discusses the impact of the multiverse on our free will, covering the notions of the time sequence, self, and the logic behind scientific developments. The paper concludes that the multiverse is so far rendered pseudoscience, and the situation may only change when science further develops. Although the multiverse is a theory that strongly challenges the notion of free will, the paper concludes that we should believe we possess free will to prevent the culture war and preserve all human emotions.

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