Download pdf
A Study on Security in Mode-Pairing and Sending-or-Not-Sending Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
- 1 Ziyang Yanjiang No.1 Middle School
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols have undergone rapid evolution, thus significantly advancing the field of quantum communications. The exploitation of quantum properties enables quantum communication to achieve superior security, yet many traditional protocols still face challenges in terms of stability and practicality. Since 2019, two new QKD protocols have emerged: mode-pairing QKD and sending-or-not-sending TF-QKD. In this paper, through an in-depth analysis of the existing literature, a simple mathematical derivation of the quantum uncertainty relation is provided, along with a systematic summary of the process for proving the security of these two new protocols. The results demonstrate that sending-or-not-sending TF-QKD can still effectively ensure the security of information in the presence of large bit error rates, showing its potential application in quantum communication. In addition, the paper explores future research directions, including experimental validation in diverse real-world environments, performance optimization, and the development of robust error correction techniques. These studies provide a critical foundation for the practicalization of QKD and promote the further development of quantum communication technology.
Keywords
Quantum Communication, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Mode-Pairing QKD, Sending-or-Not-Sending TF-QKD
[1]. Wiesner, S. (1983) Conjugate coding. SIGACT News, 15, 78-88.
[2]. Bennett, C.H. and Brassard, G. (2014) Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing. Theoretical Computer Science, 560(11): 7-11.
[3]. Menezes, A.J. Oorschot, P.C. and Vanstone, S.C. (1997) Handbook of Applied Cryptography. Boca Raton.
[4]. Nielsen, M.A. and Chuang, I.L. (2010) Quantum Computation and Quantum Information: 10th Anniversary Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Jiang, Y.C. (2007) A Brief Derivation of the Uncertainty Relation. Journal of Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences, 17(2): 2.
[6]. Zeng, P., et al. (2022) Mode-pairing quantum key distribution. Nat Commun 13, 3903
[7]. Wu, Q.L., et al. (2010) Single Photon Detection Technology. Progress in Physics, 2010(3): 11.
[8]. Wang, Z.H., et al. (2023) Tight finite-key analysis for mode-pairing quantum key distribution. Commun Phys 6, 265
[9]. Li, Z.M. (2010) The Design and Analysis of Hash Functions. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
[10]. Lucamarini, M., et al. (2018) Overcoming the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution without quantum repeaters. Nature, 557(7705):400-403.
[11]. Twin-field quantum key distribution with large misalignment error (Xiangbin Wang, Zongwen Yu , Xiaolong Hu
[12]. Liu, Y., et al. (2023) 1002 km twin-field quantum key distribution with finite-key analysis. Quantum Front 2, 16.
[13]. Jiang, C., et al. (2020) Zigzag approach to higher key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin field quantum key distribution with finite-key effects.
[14]. Jiang, C., et al. (2021) Composable security for practical quantum key distribution with two way classical communication.
[15]. Liu, Y., et al. (2023) Experimental twin-field quantum key distribution over 1000 km fiber distance. Phys Rev Lett 130(21):210801
Cite this article
Wang,Y. (2025). A Study on Security in Mode-Pairing and Sending-or-Not-Sending Quantum Key Distribution Protocols. Theoretical and Natural Science,86,60-66.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computing Innovation and Applied Physics
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).