Volume 115
Published on June 2025Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience declining memory, anxiety, and depression along with a decrease in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). It's still unclear if improving AHN in the damaged AD brain will improve affective and cognitive performance. According to earlier studies, in two different AD mice models, 5×FAD and 3×Tg-AD, patterned optogenetic activation of the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) increases AHN. Interestingly, these AD mice's memory and emotional deficiencies are restored when SuM-enhanced adult-born neurons (ABNs) are chemogenetic activated. In contrast, behavioral impairments cannot be restored by SuM stimulation alone or by activating ABNs without modifying SuM. This paper will design 3 experiments to explore the mechanism of activating SuM modified ABN to improve memory and emotional function in AD, including who enhances cognitive and emotional function, the activition of microglia and the long-term effect of SuM modified ABNs on memory and emotion function of AD mice.
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe threat to health, impacting 3.8% of the population globally. Current treatment for MDD is synthetic drugs, which exert little response in some patients and show some side effects. With its mild actions of treatment, plant-based medicine (PBM) is a novel perspective for MDD therapy. This review demonstrates and summarizes seven antidepressant mechanisms: monoamine neurotransmitter regulation, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation, inflammation regulation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulation, oxidative stress regulation, gut microbiota regulation, and neuroplasticity regulation. Some typical PBMs function in these mechanisms, which are listed. This review shows that PBMs could treat MDD through multiple mechanisms, and ingredients in PBMs work interactively and integrally when treating MDD. The antidepressant effect of PBM is emphasized, and a deeper insight into the mechanisms involved is offered. PBM will have greater acceptance and a larger market, relieving the suffering of patients, with more clinical trials completed and more promotion done.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration. Besides the pathological features of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, emerging research implicates impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in the dentate gyrus as a contributing factor. Impaired AHN in AD is marked by reduced neural stem cells activation, diminished progenitor cell proliferation, and abnormal neuronal maturation. This review explores the role of AHN in AD, delves into the disrupted molecular mechanisms underlying AHN dysfunction in AD, while assesses potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring neurogenesis to treat AD. Understanding AHN’s role in AD could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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It is found that the olfactory experience of the parents could influence the behaviors and the structure of neuroanatomy. Transgenerational inheritance has been found in multiple species including animals and plants. The research in 2014 found that the epigenetic marks in the sperm of mice parent could be the mechanism of passing the transgenerational memory to the next generation, in which certain odor-responsive locus, Olfr151, has lower methylation level. However, it remains unclear that if Olfr151 is the only locus that is responsive for the inheritance of odor-conditioned transgenerational memory. Besides, there could be other mechanisms that can contribute to the inheritance of transgenerational memory. We designed this set of experiments to test if the transgenerational memory would be lost after restoring the methylation level of Olfr151 locus, and we will further research on the effect of molecular structure on the inheritance of transgenerational memory.
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Lung cancer is a serious disease that ends numerous lives throughout the world. Surgery and chemotherapy are often used in treating cancer nowadays, but they are overly aggressive especially for the elderly and can result in unsatisfactory outcomes like painful side-effects, drug resistance, etc. With the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and increasing evidence that indicates TCM has essential anticancer components. Astragaloside IV and Neferine are considered as two main effective ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus and Nelumbo nucifera. Astragalus membranaceus and Nelumbo nucifera have traditionally been used for various diseases such as fever, inflammation, insomnia, nervous disorders, et al. Thus, as TCM, Astragaloside IV and Neferine can be a potential new weapon for lung cancer which has much less side-effects. In this research, we studied the effect of Astragaloside IV and Neferine on the Wnt /β-catenin signaling pathway which is closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer.
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Allergic rhinitis is an extremely significant disease that bothers billions of people worldwide. Due to its prevalence, it’s important to know prevention and possible treatments for this disease. Although it is extremely hard to cure allergic rhinitis completely, there are still multiple ways to inhibit its symptoms or to prevent it from occurring. This article will introduce the definition of allergy, the organ the disease occurs, its mechanism, causes, common symptoms, common allergens, and three main types of medical treatments for allergic rhinitis; there will also be a discussion and comparison between levocetirizine and mometasone furoate in multiple perspectives including price, mechanism, effectiveness, and seriousness of their side effects. The research is conducted by collecting and compiling abundant information and data from multiple scientific researches and websites and analyzing them from an innovative perspective in order to form an original idea. The conclusion shows that Allergic rhinitis has a significantly high prevalence in China, so it’s important to pay attention to this disease. Based on the fact that it’s hard to cure completely now, future studies may focus on developing ways to cure or inhibit the symptoms of allergic rhinitis completely. Both drugs have similar safeness and effeteness, but the price for levocetirizine is significantly lower, so levocetirizine is a more economically friendly choice.
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Describe the symptoms of gout, the number of deaths caused by gout, and the impact of gout in various countries, and analyze its pathogenic mechanisms. Treatment with two uric acid transporters, ABCG2 and SLC2A9, is used as drugs, from tracing the origin of ABCG2 and SLC2A9 to understanding their nomenclature and studying their chemical properties and then to the relationship between ABCG2 and SLC2A9 and gout, as well as the comparison of the mechanism of action of ABCG2 and SLC2A9. As a common disease with unclear pathogenic mechanisms, gout has limited drugs for treatment and large side effects; ABCG2 and SLC2A9 have obvious effects on gout by controlling the uric acid content in the body with almost no side effects.
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Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system. It has been reported that the expression of EDARADD, which is called ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated death domain, in bladder cancer is higher than in normal bladder tissue and it can impact the metastasis of bladder cancer by modulating the process of EMT. But the specific mechanism is still not clear. This study embarks on exploring the specific mechanism of how EDARADD knockout in T24 cells will affect the progress of bladder cancer. The study will test the change of Trim21 expression and Snail1 expression after EDARADD knockout in the T24 bladder cancer cells and explore whether interactions occur between EDARADD and Trim21 or between Trim21 and Snail1. With our result, we hope to show that EDARADD knockout will up-regulate the Trim21 expression, down-regulate the Snail1 expression. we also hope to show that EDARADD can interact with Trim21 and Trim21 can interact with Snail1. These results are consistent with our hypothesis.
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Purpose: To determine whether andrographolide can induce senescence of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vivo or in vitro. If so, the mechanism by which andrographolide induces senescence in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells will also be explored. Methods: The study will use human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. HepG2 will be treated with different doses and different durations of Andrographolide. HepG2 cells were implanted in mice to form artificial hepatocellular carcinoma, and Andrographolide use to treat the artificial hepatocellular carcinoma. Measure senesscence by by b-gal kit, the abundance of p21 and p53 by western blot, viability by tunnel assay. Positive control is MLN4924 and negative control is DMSO/PBS. Possible Results: There are two main possible results: (1) Andrographolide was able to induce senescence in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by increasing p21 and p53 leading to decreased HepG2 viability. (2) Andrographolide had no significant effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Conclusions: In this study, I found that Andrographolide has potential anti-tumour effects against hepatocellular carcinoma. Andrographolide was shown to induce senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via p53/p21 in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, Andrographolide is a promising senescence-inducing therapy for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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In the work, we try to investigate whether gamma frequency entrainment at 40 Hz can promote the transition of M1 Microglia (the brain's immune cells) towards an M2. Also, this study aims to determine if this transition enhances the clearance of amyloid-beta plaques through increased phagocytic activity of the microglia. To figure out these two experiments is designed. We create some microglia-like phenotype mice, a model for Alzheimer's disease to do the research. Finally, we get three outcomes. The first is that gamma-entrainment leads to enhanced microglial response. The gamma-entrainment group Gamma-entrainment leads to enhanced microglial response: The gamma-entrainment group showed higher expression of M2 markers (CD11b, Arg1, Mrc1), resulting in increased microglial showed higher expression of M2 markers (CD11b, Arg1, Mrc1), resulting in increased microglial activity and amyloid plaque clearance, as opposed to control and random flicker groups. activity and amyloid plaque clearance, as opposed to control and random flicker groups. Second, the gamma entrainment effect has specificity. Random flicker did not trigger significant changes in M2. Expression or plaque clearance, highlighting the specificity of gamma entrainment for amyloid expression or plaque clearance. Third, IL-4 confirms microglial role in plaque reduction. IL-4 group showed a decrease in amyloid beta. This reinforcing the idea that M2 microglia play a key role in clearing plaques, while the PBS group saw reinforcing the idea that M2 microglia play a key role in clearing plaques, while the PBS group saw no changes in amyloid levels.
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