Impact of High-Fat Diet on Obesity-Related Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Research Article
Open access

Impact of High-Fat Diet on Obesity-Related Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Yingsi Fang 1 , Zhe Kan 2 , Shuyi Dong 3 , Lei Yan 4 , Yuting Tang 5*
  • 1 The department of nutritional science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada    
  • 2 The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, 101100, China    
  • 3 Shanghai World Foreign Language Middle School, Shanghai, 200233, China    
  • 4 Changzhou Cardiff School, Changzhou, 213000, China    
  • 5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China    
  • *corresponding author 20234050005@stu.suda.edu.cn
Published on 20 June 2025 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.24207
TNS Vol.116
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-80590-197-6
ISBN (Online): 978-1-80590-198-3

Abstract

The popularity of fast food has led to a rapid global increase in high-fat diets (HFD) recently. The prevalence of HFD has raised public concerns about metabolic health. Animal studies and clinical trials have implied the alternations of gut microbiota components when HFD, thereby influencing their metabolites abundances, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which play important roles in host physiological activities. Alternations in intestinal flora abundance and components may also exacerbate gut permeability, potentially initiating inflammation which is a start of various chronic diseases. This review primarily explores mechanisms by which HFD induces obesity-related diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, this review demonstrates the role and effectiveness of intestinal flora, especially probiotics, and their derived SCFAs in preventing disease progression and promoting tissue regeneration in HFD-induced disorders. An intensive study on the significance of intestinal flora and their derived SCFAs to disease progression and therapeutic targets can help supplement the loop between microbial and host homeostasis.

Keywords:

high-fat diet, intestinal flora, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, obesity-related diseases

Fang,Y.;Kan,Z.;Dong,S.;Yan,L.;Tang,Y. (2025). Impact of High-Fat Diet on Obesity-Related Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Theoretical and Natural Science,116,27-36.
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Cite this article

Fang,Y.;Kan,Z.;Dong,S.;Yan,L.;Tang,Y. (2025). Impact of High-Fat Diet on Obesity-Related Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Theoretical and Natural Science,116,27-36.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health

ISBN：978-1-80590-197-6(Print) / 978-1-80590-198-3(Online)
Editor：Sheiladevi Sukumaran
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Conference date: 20 January 2025
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.116
ISSN：2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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[21]. Panyod, S., Wu, W.K., Peng, S.Y., Tseng, Y.J., Hsieh, Y.C., Chen, R.A., Huang, H.S., Chen, Y.H., Chuang, H.L., Hsu, C.C., Shen, T.D., Yang, K.C., Ho, C.T., Wu, M.S., Sheen, L.Y., Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota, NPJ science of food 7(1) (2023) 19.

[22]. Luo, T., Guo, Z., Liu, D., Guo, Z., Wu, Q., Li, Q., Lin, R., Chen, P., Ou, C., Chen, M., Deficiency of PSRC1 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing TMAO production via manipulating gut microbiota and flavin monooxygenase 3, Gut microbes 14(1) (2022) 2077602.

[23]. Shi, X., Huang, H., Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Wu, H., Dai, M., Paeonol Attenuated Vascular Fibrosis Through Regulating Treg/Th17 Balance in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner, Frontiers in pharmacology 12 (2021) 765482.

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