Limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement

Research Article
Open access

Limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement

Xingtong Lin 1*
  • 1 Beijing 101 Middle School    
  • *corresponding author 1811121113@mail.sit.edu.cn
Published on 20 December 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230899
TNS Vol.21
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-215-2
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-216-9

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a new biological immunotherapy approach. This paper is an overview of the limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement. This paper starts with the mechanism of CAR-T, briefly describes the pathogenesis, and then provides a detailed description of the three types of CAR-T toxicity and their mechanisms, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and CAR-T-associated encephaly syndrome (CRES). In the end, the paper proposes several possible improvements to improve the current situation, summarizes the corresponding improvements, and looks forward to the future.

Keywords:

CAR-T, toxicity, CRS, ICANS, CRES

Lin,X. (2023). Limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement. Theoretical and Natural Science,21,279-283.
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References

[1]. Vucinic, V., Quaiser, A., Lückemeier, P., Fricke, S., Platzbecker, U. and Koehl, U., “Production and Application of CAR T Cells: Current and Future Role of Europe,” Frontiers in Medicine 8, 713401 (2021).

[2]. Shah, N. N. and Fry, T. J., “Mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cell therapy,” Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 16(6), 372–385 (2019).

[3]. Neelapu, S. S., “Managing the toxicities of CAR T‐cell therapy,” Hematological Oncology 37(S1), 48–52 (2019).

[4]. Hao, Z., Li, R., Meng, L., Han, Z. and Hong, Z., “Macrophage, the potential key mediator in CAR-T related CRS,” Experimental Hematology & Oncology 9(1), 15 (2020).

[5]. Adachi, K., Kano, Y., Nagai, T., Okuyama, N., Sakoda, Y. and Tamada, K., “IL-7 and CCL19 expression in CAR-T cells improves immune cell infiltration and CAR-T cell survival in the tumor,” Nature Biotechnology 36(4), 346–351 (2018).

[6]. Wang, M., Zhang, C. and Jiang, X., “CAR-T: a potential gene carrier targeting solid tumor immune microenvironment,” Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 6(1) (2021).

[7]. Li, Y., Huo, Y., Yu, L. and Wang, J., “Quality Control and Nonclinical Research on CAR-T Cell Products: General Principles and Key Issues,” Engineering 5(1), 122–131 (2019).

[8]. Li, H., Yang, C., Cheng, H., Huang, S. and Zheng, Y., “CAR-T cells for Colorectal Cancer: Target-selection and strategies for improved activity and safety,” Journal of Cancer 12(6), 1804–1814 (2021).

[9]. Glover, M., Avraamides, S. and Maher, J., “How Can We Engineer CAR T Cells to Overcome Resistance?” Biologics: Targets and Therapy 15, 175–198 (2021).

[10]. Sermer, D. and Brentjens, R., “CAR T‐cell therapy: Full speed ahead,” Hematological Oncology 37(S1), 95–100 (2019).


Cite this article

Lin,X. (2023). Limitations of CAR-T therapy and possible directions of improvement. Theoretical and Natural Science,21,279-283.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science

ISBN:978-1-83558-215-2(Print) / 978-1-83558-216-9(Online)
Editor:Alan Wang
Conference website: https://www.icbiomed.org/
Conference date: 2 September 2023
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.21
ISSN:2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Vucinic, V., Quaiser, A., Lückemeier, P., Fricke, S., Platzbecker, U. and Koehl, U., “Production and Application of CAR T Cells: Current and Future Role of Europe,” Frontiers in Medicine 8, 713401 (2021).

[2]. Shah, N. N. and Fry, T. J., “Mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cell therapy,” Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 16(6), 372–385 (2019).

[3]. Neelapu, S. S., “Managing the toxicities of CAR T‐cell therapy,” Hematological Oncology 37(S1), 48–52 (2019).

[4]. Hao, Z., Li, R., Meng, L., Han, Z. and Hong, Z., “Macrophage, the potential key mediator in CAR-T related CRS,” Experimental Hematology & Oncology 9(1), 15 (2020).

[5]. Adachi, K., Kano, Y., Nagai, T., Okuyama, N., Sakoda, Y. and Tamada, K., “IL-7 and CCL19 expression in CAR-T cells improves immune cell infiltration and CAR-T cell survival in the tumor,” Nature Biotechnology 36(4), 346–351 (2018).

[6]. Wang, M., Zhang, C. and Jiang, X., “CAR-T: a potential gene carrier targeting solid tumor immune microenvironment,” Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 6(1) (2021).

[7]. Li, Y., Huo, Y., Yu, L. and Wang, J., “Quality Control and Nonclinical Research on CAR-T Cell Products: General Principles and Key Issues,” Engineering 5(1), 122–131 (2019).

[8]. Li, H., Yang, C., Cheng, H., Huang, S. and Zheng, Y., “CAR-T cells for Colorectal Cancer: Target-selection and strategies for improved activity and safety,” Journal of Cancer 12(6), 1804–1814 (2021).

[9]. Glover, M., Avraamides, S. and Maher, J., “How Can We Engineer CAR T Cells to Overcome Resistance?” Biologics: Targets and Therapy 15, 175–198 (2021).

[10]. Sermer, D. and Brentjens, R., “CAR T‐cell therapy: Full speed ahead,” Hematological Oncology 37(S1), 95–100 (2019).