Volume 89

Transcriptome sequencing has become one of the mainstream methods for detecting gene expression after the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. We present the trajectory of the technological evolution of sequencing technologies between three generations and discuss their technical implementations, advantages, and disadvantages. Next, we show examples of this technology through the current mainstream NGS technology-based RNA-seq sequencing and analysis. We also look forward to the progress of the third-generation sequencing technology in read length and variable splicing detection.

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Occurring biologically in a 24-hour cycle, circadian rhythms affect important activities like metabolism, hormone production, and sleep-wake cycles. Many medical illnesses, including sleep problems, depression, and metabolic syndromes, have been linked to disruptions in circadian rhythms. This study reviews the therapeutic approaches that aim to realign disrupted circadian rhythms. Among the methods under discussion are light therapy, melatonin supplements, chronotherapy, and pharmaceutical treatments aiming at circadian paths. The review includes studies that assess the efficacy and utilization of these therapies in clinical settings. Results imply that these treatments show encouraging results in controlling circadian rhythm problems, especially for diseases like insomnia, seasonal affective disorder, and shift work schedule. Still, topics needing more study are patient response variability and the long-term efficacy of these therapies. The possibility of tailored therapy strategies to improve the efficacy of circadian rhythm therapies and reduce side effects is underlined in this study.

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In recent years, an increasing number of enthusiasts have embarked on badminton, particularly adolescents who have chosen as a career path in hopes of achieving excellent results on the court. However, due to variations in badminton coaching standards and differing instructional philosophies, many adolescent badminton players are repeatedly plagued by various injuries throughout their careers, with lower limb injuries being particularly prevalent (accounting for approximately 58% of all injuries). Among these lower limb injuries, more than half involve the ankles and knees, significantly impacting their careers. This paper focuses on common knee injuries experienced by adolescent badminton players, such as anterior cruciate ligament tears, meniscus injuries, and muscle strains. To effectively prevent these injuries, a series of scientific and systematic training recommendations are proposed. These include functional training of the muscles surrounding the knee joint, such as single-leg Romanian deadlifts and Bulgarian split squats, which help improve knee stability and thereby reduce the risk of injury. Additionally, functional training of the core deep stabilizing muscles, such as diaphragmatic breathing exercises and the Dead Bug exercise based on diaphragmatic breathing, is recommended to enhance the strength and stability of the core musculature and improve body balance, thereby lowering the incidence of knee injuries and achieving preventive effects. The aim is to provide effective preventive measures for knee injuries to adolescent badminton players, reducing their risk of injury and promoting the healthy development of the careers, provide a useful reference for scientific training and rehabilitation in badminton.

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This paper highlights the significant value of various rehabilitation therapies for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Acupuncture, moxibustion, ultrasound, shortwave therapy, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, low-intensity laser therapy, and electrotherapy are examples of widely recognized physical therapies with demonstrated efficacy. Based on a review of these techniques, moxibustion and electrotherapy rank as the most widely used therapies, with acupuncture coming in second. Electrotherapy is a simple, cost-effective method that can be administered at home, making it more convenient than acupuncture and other advanced techniques like ultrasound and PEMF. In contrast, acupuncture relies on the expertise of professionals. At the same time, more complex technologies such as shortwave, PEMF, and laser therapies are less accessible due to their technical nature and higher costs. However, while all of these therapies help treat KOA, their specific applications and ease of use vary, and the specifics of the choices need to be analysed on a case-by-case basis.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that causes pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand due to a pinched median nerve in the wrist. A higher percentage of women than men have carpal tunnel syndrome, which affects about 3.8% of the population. The diagnosis procedure includes the patient's medical history, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic testing, all of which are essential for assessing the nervous system's function and severity. Based on these assessments, CTS is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Conservative treatment, including corticosteroids, wrist splints, and a range of physical therapy, is usually recommended for mild to moderate cases, while surgical treatment is reserved for severe cases. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) are surgical options. The purpose of this article is to explore risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment approaches in order to provide better individualized care in clinical practice, and to make recommendations for future treatment improvements and research.

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This research delves into the effectiveness of various exercise therapies for Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), a condition that frequently develops when initial ankle sprains are not adequately treated. CAI is characterized by repetitive sprains, joint instability, and reduced mobility, which can severely impact an individual's daily activities and sports performance. Different methods of rehabilitation, including muscle strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training, and balance improvement, were evaluated. The study emphasizes the advantages of combining traditional approaches such as resistance band exercises and newer techniques like blood flow restriction (BFR) training. These methods help enhance both strength and functionality in patients with CAI. Additionally, integrating proprioceptive exercises that focus on improving balance through unstable surface training has shown significant progress in restoring postural stability. Further, novel therapeutic interventions, including motor imagery, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exergaming, demonstrate promising results in complementing traditional treatments. Ultimately, this review suggests a comprehensive rehabilitation plan that merges conventional and modern therapies to improve functional outcomes for individuals with CAI, though further research is necessary to optimize the combination of these therapies for long-term efficacy.

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Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a novel technique of assisted rehabilitation that has been of interest to an increasing number of scholars in recent years. BFR training shows promising applications in the rehabilitation of hamstring injuries. Currently, research indicates that low-load BFR training is a useful substitute for conventional high-load resistance training. The effectiveness of BFR training in the recovery process of hamstring injuries, however, has not received much research. This paper reviews all the recent relevant literature with the aim of exploring the current efficacy, potential mechanisms, and potential safety issues with the application of BFR training in the rehabilitation of hamstring injuries. There are still many controversial and unresolved issues in the field, such as the optimal protocol for BFR application to injured hamstrings, specific potential mechanisms, and safety considerations for BFR training. It is hoped that this paper will trigger the attention of more scholars to address these issues in future research.

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Using gene editing techniques, cancer treatments are being transformed into new ones that precisely alter genetic patterns. The usefulness, difficulties, and future potential of HDR, Base Editing, and Prime Editing are assessed in this review. While HDR provides accurate gene repair, its specificity and efficiency are not as strong. While base editing shows promise in correcting genetic flaws, it must be used with caution to reduce unintended consequences. A new technique called Prime Editing makes more secure and accurate editing possible without rupturing DNA. Despite their huge potential, advancement in areas like security, ethics, and efficacy of distribution is crucial. The article examines these techniques' potential for treating cancer by compiling research on them.

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With the significant improvement in material life in recent years, people now focus more on the status and well-being of spiritual life. The discovery and diagnosis of schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder, thus came into the attention. Current studies have centered on the causes and associations, which are often combined with the symptoms of schizophrenia. As a consequence, scientists developed various treatments. Some scholars suggested control and prevention methods, but many of them remained uninformative and unimplemented on account of real factors. The study combines most of the available information and gives a general overview of schizophrenia as an influential mental disorder. The mechanism of certain genes or alleles inherited from ancestors or unpleasant grown-up environments that can affect the risk of getting schizophrenia is analyzed. Treatment approaches referring to pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, and other commonly mentioned ones are included. Some prevention techniques that correlate with health literacy, governance participation and parental environment are advocated. The meaning of this review lies in proposing a summarized thesis for schizophrenia, investigating present methods and indicating the inadequacies. In consideration of the shortcomings in medical care and public health system, it is expected that future research can inquire into innovative treatments and public prevention strategies.

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Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world and has become one of the most prevalent mental illnesses in the world. Due to the high recurrence rate of depression and the fact that it is a disease that can be accompanied by the development of suicidal and bipolar tendencies, it is a great challenge to society and the financial and energy resources of hospital patients' families. However, there is no complete diagnosis and treatment system for depression, so this paper is committed to comprehensively review the contributions of the current studies of the depression diagnosis and treatment in the field of neural activity analysis, machine learning detection technology and neuromodulation, and discusses the development of prediction-diagnosis-treatment path in the future.

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