Volume 23

The electronic game industry has developed rapidly in the past decade. From Contra and Super Mario to League of Legends and Glory of Kings, players’ enthusiasm for games has been enduring. Among them, game consoles have brought arcade halls to people’s homes. With the development of the times, iPhones make games’ within reach with the level of realism in image technology has significantly improved. With the popularity of games, a problem has emerged which is game addiction. With the expansion of the base of game players, the problem of game addiction has become a social problem that cannot be ignored. Many studies have examined the risk effects of game addiction, including academic performance, physiological development, social development, and the formation of negative emotions such as package personality, anxiety, depression, and suicidal tendencies. This study has integrated these variables to explore the role of multiple influencing factors in developing game addiction and their potential prevention methods.

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Since Singapore's independence in 1965, the People's Action Party (PAP) has consistently maintained its position as the ruling party, securing an overwhelming majority of seats in the parliament. This paper seeks to explore the historical continuity and refinement process of the PAP's parliamentary system within the context of Singapore's parliamentary structure and discuss the impacts of these designs on the party's governance. By analyzing the PAP's contributions to the composition of the parliament and the design of the electoral system, this study reveals that the parliamentary system is a crucial component enabling the PAP's sustained rule. Evidently, within Singapore's parliamentary framework, the PAP has implemented numerous designs. On one hand, it leverages the procedural legitimacy inherent in the system to confer legitimacy upon its governance. On the other hand, it capitalizes on efficient and frequent design modifications to tailor the system to its advantage, ensuring the continuity of its rule.

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In the context of growing global awareness regarding the influence of media content on young audiences, this paper focuses on the significant subject of film rating systems. Specifically, it explores the intricate landscape of these systems, their implementation across various countries, and the unique absence of such a system in China. Through an extensive analysis of existing rating systems, including those in the United States, the UK, and India, the study illuminates their influence on global cinema and cultural perceptions. Focusing on China, the paper employs a detailed survey of parents’ experiences and opinions regarding movie selection for children in the absence of a formal rating system. Findings reveal that a majority of parents acknowledge that movies have an impact on children. Notably, parents express a strong desire for the implementation of a movie rating system in China to guide their choices and prevent the exposure of their children to adult or violent content. However, the study also uncovers potential challenges and complexities in designing a system that balances protection, choice, and cultural relevance. The paper concludes by advocating for a well-considered film rating system in China that aligns with international norms yet is sensitive to local values, aiming to foster a responsible and diverse cinematic culture.

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Utilitarianism is an important analysis path of international aid, Peter Singer’s international aid theory. It is one of the representative theories. The “aid obligation” of rich countries to poor countries is the core of Singer’s international aid theory. Peter Singer demonstrated the obligation of rich countries and their peoples to assist the poor abroad through the “drowning child” thinking experiment, and his theory of international aid was born. He believes that on the basis that people have an obligation to rescue children who have fallen into the water, rich countries and their people also have an obligation to help those who are far away in poverty. There are many criticisms of Singer’s moral argument, and his aid theory still faces some serious challenges: aid theory presupposes an unreasonable view of responsibility, the standard of “similar moral importance” imposes harsh requirements on people, and also faces some utilitarian criticism.

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In today’s complex and volatile international situation, the world is experiencing political multi-polarization, overall peace and local turbulence in the world, major country relations are adjusting, and the role of the United Nations is gradually increasing. At the right time, China has put forward the Belt and Road Initiative in accordance with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. With the rapid development and change of the international situation and the continuous innovation and development of world information technology, some new phenomena and problems have gradually emerged in the scope of China’s consular protection work. It is necessary to sort out and analyze solutions. In this paper, based on the related research results, combined with author’s own deep thinking and practical experience, through the stranded students in Ethiopia event study the overseas interests protection problem.

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The Cold War has always been a historical stage that has attracted much attention. This historical stage has profoundly affected today’s international situation and people’s perception of great power competition. The Cold War lasted for nearly forty-four years. During this nearly half a century, the US and the Soviet Union used almost all means of confrontation except direct armed conflict to achieve the effect of suppressing each other. By analyzing past historical events and cases for example, this paper mainly discusses the causes of the Cold War and how it prevent armed conflict from becoming two topics of widespread concern, and it concludes that the outbreak of the Cold War was related to the anarchy among the great powers, and also related to the differences in economic systems between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The Cold War prevented nuclear war but intensified conventional war to some extent. This paper aims to tell people that the Cold War is not an ideal state of the international community, all countries should learn lessons from the Cold War to avoid the recurrence of this unhealthy international pattern.

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The article aims to delve into the nuanced interpretation of the principle of good faith within the domain of unfair terms prevalent in consumer contracts. This principle has proven pivotal in appraising the fairness of terms, serving as a benchmark. Its multifaceted application across legal domains necessitates a precise explication of its contextual significance. Emphasizing the imperative to delineate the exact connotation of the good faith principle in the judicial realm of consumer safeguarding, the article subsequently elucidates this proposition through a meticulous analysis of the Directive and its corresponding legal cases. However, the initial analysis underscores the Directive’s somewhat ambiguous delineation of the good faith principle. This prompts an inquiry into whether such ambiguity hampers the comprehensive evolution of this principle within the broader context of EU private law. Consequently, the subsequent discourse endeavors to rationalize this aspect within a redefined comprehension of the jurisprudential underpinning of the Directive.

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Language ambiguity is one of the difficulties in learning a language. Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world to learn because of its various ambiguities. This paper mainly explores the phenomenon of ambiguity in Chinese, and summarizes the research status of ambiguity among domestic and foreign scholars. The phenomenon of ambiguity is analyzed by reading literature and searching example sentences in the corpus. First of all, through reading the literature to understand the definition and classification of ambiguity. Then the impact of ambiguity on bilingual learners from the phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects is analyzed. Among them, the grammatical aspect is further divided into the ambiguity of the syntactic plane, the ambiguity of the semantic plane and the ambiguity of the pragmatic aspect; finally, corresponding suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language are put forward from the aspects of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. For teachers, it is not only necessary to help students establish a correct attitude to deal with ambiguity, but also to avoid strange phenomena through some teaching methods such as pinyin or Chinese characters. And to help students develop good study habits, second language learners should really understand the meaning of the sentences, not just memorize each sentence mechanically. At the same time, teachers can create various contexts to help bilingual learners understand sentences and eliminate ambiguity.

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Since the Philippines began to have disputes regarding the South China Sea’s territorial sovereignty with China in the end of 1960s, it has engaged in a long-term game with its greater ally of whether the Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America applies to the region. The Nixon administration was regarded as the basic positioning period of the US policy on the US-Philippines alliance during the Cold War, holding a vague attitude. However, during the Trump era, Washington clearly offered the Philippines security guarantees for this region, indicating a significant policy-making shift. This article selects the Nixon and Trump administrations as cases, utilizing the theoretical framework of the “entrapment” dilemma in alliance management theory which aims to investigate into the reasons why the two administrations held extremely different attitudes towards whether to include the South China Sea region in the scope of the MDT and analyze the cost-benefit considerations of Washington in managing the Asia-Pacific military alliance. The conclusion is that in the Nixon era, the US tended to avoid being “entrapped” because it was not worth the deterioration in relations with China and other informal allied countries only to maintain its alliance with the Philippines. However, during the Trump administration, to enhance its military presence in this region, maintain and strengthen a series of Asia-pacific military alliances, the US is willing to bear the risk of “entrapment”.

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The concept of a community with a shared future has emerged as a guiding principle in global governance, emphasizing humanity’s interconnectedness and shared interests. In the post-pandemic era, global governance faces unprecedented challenges and changes, impacting health security, economic recovery, and social stability. Amidst these changes, China’s approach to international management has evolved, presenting innovative solutions and injecting new dynamics into the global landscape. This paper explores the relationship between a community with a shared future and China’s global governance logic in the post-pandemic era. It examines the challenges of global governance in this new context and delves into China’s specific practices within the framework of a community with a shared future. The study reviews China’s efforts in global health governance, economic cooperation, development assistance, climate change, and sustainable development. Through qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study analyzes China’s role in shaping the global landscape and the impact of a community with a shared future on international relations. The research draws from primary data collected through official documents, international agreements, and statements from relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that China’s emphasis on a community with a shared future has fostered increased cooperation and collaboration in various global governance areas. China’s contributions to global health initiatives, economic partnerships, and sustainable development demonstrate its commitment to multilateralism and inclusive approaches to addressing global challenges.

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