Volume 21

The article is set against the backdrop of today’s Russo-Ukrainian war and focuses on the multiple ways in which the continuity of the US as a country that commands but does not participate in the war can affect the country. Since the invasion, the US has led the way in providing Ukraine with military equipment and training, economic aid, near-total diplomatic support checks, intelligence used to deter Russian attacks, and threats of dire consequences if Russia uses nuclear weapons in Ukraine. Even before Russian troops crossed the border, the US and many of its allies were working to mobilize a potential diplomatic coalition against Moscow’s predatory and ambitious military by warning Russia of the range of potential sanctions it could incur, and strengthening Ukraine’s military forces. The article, sourced through a Google search and Google Scholar, is based on the American people’s perception of war and its economic and political impact on the United States after the World War Ⅰ.

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Nature-based solutions serve as flexible, multi-functional, and adaptable actions aimed at promoting human well-being and socioeconomic benefits from climate risks by restoring natural ecosystem structures and functions. Due to uncertainties such as the magnitude/rate of sea-level rise (SLR), social politics, economic investment, etc., those strategies might be unfeasible and reach the tipping points of socio-ecological performance. The design of dynamic adaptation pathways contains a broad suite of actions that should be adopted in different SLR scenarios based on each method's thresholds to better manage uncertainty. The research question is, how to know the thresholds of nature-based strategies and create pathways to preserve multiple options in an uncertain future? To facilitate it, the paper defines the metrics to assess nature-based solutions’ performance under SLR and unpack the thresholds of each strategy based on case study analysis of the US, to design adaptation pathways over time. Results indicated that the feasible combination of nature-based strategies/pathways could bring more socio-ecological benefits. The number of adaptation options/pathways would decline with the extreme SLR, which shows coastal adaptation needs to start earlier than expected. These findings explore alternative sequences of decisions and illuminate the paths of alternative strategies to better adapt to SLR.

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Under COVID-19, the economy of global has been seriously damaged. As the pandemic becomes stable, the world enters the post-pandemic. As a result, all nations now consider economic development to be of the utmost importance. However, since resource depletion and environmental degradation are inevitable, achieving better coordination between economic and environmental development is a crucial issue. This study summarises the benefits and drawbacks of this strategy from a legal standpoint by comprehending China’s “dual carbon” goals development. It puts forward practical and effective solutions to improve China’s legal system, which is in the field of environment and energy. Finally, finds a legal path that is suitable to China’s national conditions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the realization of China’s “dual carbon” goals, and promoting the efficient and sustainable development of China’s economy.

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The paper raised some doubts on a few academic literature’s arguments that Parliamentarism is better than Presidentialism for new democracies in the transitional period. It instead found that parliamentarism could also lead to critical perils to democratic transition, at least in some particular political situations, like increasing the instability of the government, encouraging political speculation and polarization, and allowing ruling parties to self-benefit from the manipulated electoral system. Instead, presidentialism could be conducive to addressing these perils of parliamentarism and enable a more robust, stable, and successful transition from authoritarianism to democracy for many countries. This paper took examples of presidentialism in Philippine and Taiwan. Compared with presidentialism, parliamentarism has several key weaknesses. They include government instability under minority rule, polarization in countries with enormous social cleavages, encouraging politicians to pursue political speculation and defect their electorates, and the likelihood of electoral system maneuver by ruling parties. Thus, for new democracies, presidentialism may perform better than parliamentarism, at least on some occasions.

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In the contemporary era, with the growing popularity of short videos encompassing educational gaming content, individuals have exhibited an increasing inclination toward consuming creative and original video content. However, a concomitant rise in the prevalence of video plagiarism has hindered the effective resolution of this issue. The present study aims to investigate whether substantial disparities exist in user engagement patterns between original videos and copied videos. Employing a diverse selection of materials sourced from the two major short video platforms, Douyin and Kuaishou, this study meticulously analyzed various metrics including likes, comments, collection, and transmission volumes. Additionally, the study examined the influence of other pertinent factors. The research findings unequivocally indicate the presence of significant disparities between original videos and copied videos. This comprehensive analysis delves into the dissimilarities observed in the utilization patterns of basic users to offer valuable insights to researchers and practitioners involved in the study of originality and plagiarism within this domain.

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There is a large number of disabled people, and the number of disabled people will continue to grow in the future. With the booming development of the tourism industry, the demand for travel by disabled people is also increasing, but the travel experience of most disabled people is ignored. Developers of tourism mobile applications pay little attention to the travel needs of disabled people. Due to the lack of attention to this group, there is great room for improvement in the travel experience of disabled people. This article focuses on the needs of Chinese disabled people for mobile applications for tourism. Through user interviews and semantic analysis, this group’s needs for application functions are studied. Then, through a questionnaire survey based on the Kano model, the priority of application functions is analyzed. This study believes that the psychological needs of disabled people to be respected should be the top priority, followed by the needs for affordability, safe travel, and convenient access to information, and finally, social needs.

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South Korea is a young, experimental democracy with a relatively effective government, often praised as a model of state-led economic development. Although civil liberties have been bolstered since the successful transition from an authoritarian state to a consolidated democracy, corruption remains a persistent concern as hierarchical and authoritarian thinking are profoundly ingrained in society. Since the 1997 Asian economic crisis spurred the emergence of a liberal consensus on government corruption, diverse public institutions and civil society organizations have been actively involved in the fight for transparency and accountability. The creation of an independent anti-corruption agency, the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (ACRC), sent a strong message that the government is committed to preventing abuse of power and preserving the public interest. This paper aims to identify and understand the driving factors that led to the committee’s success in bringing transparency and accountability to the South Korean public sector, so that it may be replicated in other countries. It takes a descriptive approach to examine the strengths and weaknesses of ACRC and analyze its impact through various indirect indicators. The study reveals that the ACRC’s all-encompassing strategy for anti-corruption reform has improved the level of integrity and public awareness. However, its autonomy and power are still called into question, suggesting future improvements are needed to realize its full potential, thereby bringing about more profound changes.

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This paper examines the phenomenon of gender inequality in digital spaces and explores potential remedial measures. Through an analysis of historical cases of online discrimination, gendered experiences on the internet, and current landscape of discriminatory behavior, it is clear that women are frequently exposed to cyber bullying and other forms of abuse. Strategies for promoting gender equity in digital spaces include self-regulation, education and awareness, state legislation, and industry practices. Surveillance capitalism’s impact on gender equity is also discussed, as data collected through this practice can be used to profile individuals based on their gender identity or sexuality. The paper concludes by stating that research into the efficacy of self-regulation, education and awareness approaches as well as state legislation in shielding women from online discrimination is necessary. Additionally, industry practices targeting those who battle discrimination should be further investigated. By utilizing such methods, one can move towards an equitable digital space where all individuals are respected regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation.

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Population issues have always been fundamental to a country’s economic development. Chinese In May 2021, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed to implement the policy that a couple can have three children and supporting measures, marking a new stage in the development of Chinese. However, from the available data, after the implementation of the three-child birth policy, the effect is minimal. Through comparative analysis, this paper explores women’s attitudes towards fertility in the two periods before the implementation of the family planning policy and after the implementation of the three-child policy, and analyzes the deep-seated reasons for this difference in attitudes, including the improvement of women’s education level, the improvement of China’s urbanization development level, and the pursuit of gender equality by Chinese women.

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This study analyzes the current situation of family education and school education of special children with major illnesses such as leukemia and malignant tumor who travel to the city specifically for medical treatment in rural areas, taking WujiaNong in Hefei as an example. After understanding the economic pressure, mental pressure, and social support of these special groups, and taking into account the situation of local voluntary organizations, the current situation of family education and schooling of children with leukemia in WuJiaNong, Hefei City is clarified, and the causes of their education problems are analyzed in the light of various factors, to draw the attention of the society and improve the current situation of the lack of family education and schooling of children with major diseases in rural areas.

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