Volume 49

This study explores the differences of different proxies in paleoclimatological reconstruction. It was found that N2O content increased first and then decreased after the first industrial revolution, while CO2 and CH4 content increased. After the Second Industrial Revolution, the three kinds of greenhouse gases all increased sharply, and the amplitude was relatively consistent. The analysis shows that the annual variation of the Changjiang Estuary is larger than that of the whole world, showing a canine shape. Compared with other historical thermal events, it is found that global change is directly related to the Industrial Revolution.

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Fluorescence bioimaging is considered an indispensable technique in biological research due to its high sensitivity, excellent spatial and temporal resolution, non-invasiveness, rapid and real-time responsiveness, as well as its ease of accessibility. Among these, fluorescence probes play a pivotal role in fluorescence imaging technology thanks to their strong specificity, high sensitivity, rapid response, and straightforward implementation. Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) molecules exhibit a unique phenomenon: they emit weak or no fluorescence when dissolved in a solution but become highly luminescent under aggregated/clustering conditions. Leveraging this, fluorescent probes with AIE characteristics often demonstrate fluorescence activation under conditions of spontaneous aggregation or binding with analytes, showcasing high sensitivity and exceptional signal-to-noise ratios. Consequently, fluorescence probes based on the distinctive optical properties of AIE hold immense potential for applications in fluorescence bioimaging. This paper primarily investigates the synthesis properties and applications in biosensing of a series of novel organic fluorescence probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. By synthesizing a range of compounds with AIE properties and experimentally determining their photophysical properties and molecular structures, the study explores the potential applications of these compounds in DNA recognition, protein detection, small molecule recognition, cellular pH detection, and bioimaging.

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Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, is a disease caused by bacterial infection that could make one to feel scratchy and sore in one's throat. As a disease found mostly in children, strep throat could lead to various infections and complications such as fever or lung infection. In this work, the author will investigate several aspects of this disease, including 1. its symptoms, consisting of detailed description of disorders on patients, similarities and differences between some other common diseases. 2. its causes, emphasizing on the structure and characteristics of the bacteria that is causing infection. 3. its influences in a worldwide scale, including number of infected and the negative impact that it brings to the infected. The two antibiotics used to treat streptococcal pharyngitis, which are amoxicillin and azithromycin, will be emphatically discussed. The discussion will be mainly about the two drugs’ chemical structures and properties, mechanics of treatment, how they kill and eliminate pathogens, and their various effects - positive ones and side effects- on patients.

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Electrocoagulation (EC), an newly arising electrochemical technology, gained more advances than other electrochemical technologies on wastewater treatment in recent years, including the absence of secondary chemical pollution, simplicity of equipment, and formation of large flocs than traditional chemical coagulation. Combined with existing treatment methods, such as membrane processes, adsorption and activated sludge, EC helps encounter existing issues and enhance the efficiency of current technologies. This paper reviews recent studies on the integration of EC and other technologies to illustrate the performance of the combined systems, especially the role played by EC. Then the advantages and the limitations of the integrated systems are assessed, as well as the challenges and future directions are discussed. Considering the growing global concern over water scarcity and environmental degradation, the application of EC-integrated systems represents a viable and indispensable solution for sustainable water management. This literature review intends to be helpful to researchers, investors, and government officials working and making long-range planning process on wastewater treatments.

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Caffeine, a widely consumed psychoactive substance, has attracted interest because of its potential effects on body weight. This study examines the relationship between caffeine intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) across genders and obesity subgroups using data of 4,937 adult participants from the NHANES examination. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between caffeine intake and BMI in both male and female groups respectively. This suggests that higher caffeine consumption is associated with increased BMI. The association remains consistent within the normal BMI range but becomes less pronounced among individuals classified as obese. However, due to the limitations of the cross-sectional design and the exclusion of certain variables, this model still needs to be further refinement. This study highlights needs for further research into the association between caffeine consumption and body weight, with relevant implications for individuals and the health and wellness industry.

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